513
ENGLISH-KLAMATH
O
oak qlism. See qli.
obey domn. Sv.
[objective] ʼas. sn sp sd sa sl.
[objective] a. sa.
obscene gesture (used as an insult) ličʼo. S-n.
obsidian mbosag. S-n.
ocean soˑlčoq. See soˑl and čoq.
odor, have bilwi. Sv.
off (away) oWasg. sv.
off a vehicle oliˑn. sv.
off of osg. sv.
off the edge oliˑn. sv.
off the edge, draped owʼeˑtʼ. sv.
often r̲e̲balaq. See balaq.
old, be gmoč. Sv.
old (man), be močeˑwi̲ʼ. Sv.
old man čikʼaˑ. Sn. Also moč. S-n.
old woman, be weleˑg̣. S-v.
omen, be tg̣otg̣. Sv.
on d̲at. Sl sn sp sd sa sl.
on (onto, attached to) otn̲. sv.
on (onto) a fire alʼaˑlʼ. sv. Also kslʼ. sv.
on (onto) a pile ikL. sv.
on (onto) a surface eLa̲. sv.
on (onto) a twisting edge oYn̲. sv.
on (onto) a vehicle eLa̲. sv. Also ikL. sv.
on (onto) coals aps. sv.
on (onto) the back adgl. sv. Also alamn. sv.
on (onto) the buttocks akʼy. sv.
on (onto) the edge oykiˑn. sv. Also oliˑn. sv. Also alYn̲. sv. Also aliˑg. sv.
on (onto) the end awʼaˑlʼ. sv.
on (onto) the female genitals ew. sv.
on (onto) the forehead aliˑg. sv.
on (onto) the head or hair ačw. sv. Also aqaˑyi̲ʼ. sv.
on (onto) the lap aqʼaˑqʼ. sv.
on (onto) the male genitals ayʼasg̣. sv.
on (onto) the neck aqʼaˑqʼ. sv.
on (onto) the point amʼaˑčʼ. sv.
on (onto) the very edge eliˑw. sv.
on (onto) top of wal. S-v sv.
on (onto) top of a full load aptneˑg̣i. sv.
on foot g̣eˑlantga. See g̣eˑla.
on one side Nay. S-l.
on the eye, act čʼiwʼ. -Sv.
on the face, act pʼeqʼ. -Sv sv.
on the ground g̣eˑlant. See g̣eˑla.
on the other hand daˑts. Srp. Also dak. Srp.
on the stomach, act bolʼ. -Sv.
on top (above) plen. S-l.
on top, be wal. S-v sv.
once dinʼaˑ. Srt.
one Naˑs. Sa.
one-eared lᵛqʼoˑmi̲ʼdk. See qʼomi̲ʼ.
one-eyed, be sčʼoqʼ. Sv.
onion(s) ʔalyan. S-n.
onion(s) (wild) pni. Sn.
only bil. Sre.
only after (only by, upon, until) čeˑ. Sre.
onto. Many morphemes have both a directional and a static locative sense. These have been listed above under “on.”
onto again and again, repeatedly nʼ. sv.

514
KLAMATH DICTIONARY
ooze out tʼat. +Sv.
open. See “closing.”
open (a door) kʼaystn̲oˑla. See kʼays.
open (the eyes) qʼlamčʼoˑla. See qʼlamčʼ.
open (the vagina) kʼyeˑwʼ. -Sv.
opening the mouth wide čgačwʼ. sv.
order, put in wlelg̣. Sv.
order, to tbeˑw. Sv.
Oregon grape weLeˑli. Sn.
orphan, be qʼoˑYeˑg. Sv
other (another). See “one.”
other end doˑg̣eˑni. See doˑ.
other side, way goniˑ. Sl.
otter qʼoLt. Sn.
ought to a̲t. sv.
ought to (hope that … ) ʔam. Srp.
our naˑlʼm. See naˑd.
out eqn̲. sv.
out (like a light) pʼačʼ. +Sv sv.
out behind koytʼa. Sl.
out from under oditgoˑl. sv.
out of a container odg. Also oyg̣ag.
out of a tree eqweˑL. sv.
out of a tubular obj. čʼiˑsqʼag. sv. Also očʼiˑpʼ. sv.
out of fire oykiˑn. sv.
out of sight, be pʼačʼ. +Sv sv.
out of sight (hidden) ayahʔ. sv.
out of water oyg̣ag. sv. Also oykiˑn. sv. Also oyg̣i. sv.
outdo win. S-v. Also gᵛoˑli. See oˑli.
outside g̣anʼiˑ. Sl.
outside (action to the outside) eqn̲. sv.
“outside” gesture in the hand game (indicating that the marked bones are in the pattern xoox) sg̣ečʼn̲a. See sg̣e.
outside the door atʼiˑt. sv.
over oyg̣i. sv.
over (above) blay. Sl.
over a mountain etʼleˑg̣i. sv.
over the edge oliˑn. sv.
over the edge, draped owʼeˑtʼ. sv.
over this way ayʼaˑY. sv.
overboard oliˑn. sv.
overflow qampg̣. Sv.
overlook someone lesmʼ. Sv.
overtake pinoˑ. S-v.
overturn sdipn. S-v.
overturn a canoe spolʼi̲. S-v. Also he̲sʔᵛebli. See ʔᵛ.
owe sgᵛiwtn̲a. See gᵛ.
owl (barn owl) pʼeˑhʔ. -S-n.
owl (horned owl) mokʼ. S-n.
owl (small sp.) g̣aˑlʼ. S-n.
own land g̣eˑlaa̲la. See g̣eˑla.
P
pace (horse), to wilitgiʼ. Sv.
pace (lope, tiptoe), to ltig\ʼ. Sv.
pack (a load) on the back me. S-v.
pack basket yʼagi. Sn.
pack into a ball qpʼalʼ. Sv.
paddle (a boat). See “canoe, act upon a.”
paddle (canoe) qčʼik. Sn.
paddle (as a waterfowl), to sčʼol. S-v.
pain, have mʼaˑsi̲ʼ. Sv.
pain in the side, have kʼastʼ. Sv.
paint (red) g̣lepkʼi. Sn.
paint (red, made of fungus) waˑgin. S-n.
paint (smear), to twaˑqʼ. Sv.

515
ENGLISH-KLAMATH
paint (smear on with a round obj., as a brush) lᵛtčʼoˑsa. See tčʼoˑs.
paint (smear on with the hands) dᵛtčʼoˑsa. See tčʼoˑs.
paint (the face) lʼoˑmi̲ʼ. -Sv.
pair ʔibg. S-n.
Paiute saˑd. Sn.
palate dangač. Sn.
pancake ntitʼLa̲s. See titʼ.
pant for breath kespʼ. Sv.
pants, wear qʼaylaˑlb. Sv.
paper beyba. Sn.
parch (wokas) snab. Sv. Also sʔoˑlʼaˑlʼa. See sʔoˑ.
pare (the fingernails) r̲e̲se̲qdᵛoliˑna. See qdᵛ.
parent-in-law (woman’s) totqʼ. -S-n.
parents se̲qoyg̣aˑʼs. See qoyg̣.
parents-in-law (man’s), act with wg̣oˑ. S-v.
parents-in-law (woman’s), act with qoˑs. S-v.
parley, to Waldga. See Wal.
part (the hair), to se̲pčikʼdg̣a. See pčikʼ.
[participial:] having done … ank. sv.
[partitive:] from, a piece of tiˑ. sn sp sd sa.
passionate, feel (man) g̣oˑyʼi̲. Sv.
passionate, feel (woman) lmoY. Sv.
[past noun] w. sv.
[past stative:] in a state resulting from an action now completed odg. sv.
pasture, to pʼań̲wa. See pʼań̲.
pat (as in the sweathouse to bring out sweat on one’s body) tʼapʼ. -Sv.
patch, to nᵉakʼya. See nᵉ and akʼy.
pay, to sqoq. S-v.
pea libwa. -S-n.
peck, to kʼaWʼ. Sv.
peddler ʔittalys. See attal.
peddling attal. sv.
peel (bark), to woliˑna. See w.
peel off (an outer layer), to čʼoli̲ʼ. -Sv.
peeling čʼeL. S-n.
[pejorative:] ruined, entirely, hopelessly all. sv.
pelican koml. Sn. Also yaml. Sn.
pen (or pencil) somʼalwʼoˑts. See somʼalwʼ.
pendant se̲lᵛowʼeˑtʼs. See lᵛ.
penis g̣eq. Sn.
penis, act with the sgᵛ. S-v (cl.).
people maqlag̣. S-n.
people from kniˑ. sn sp sd sa sl.
perform an action once oga̲. -Sv.
perhaps ʔaMkʼa. Srp. Also ʔak. Srp.
perhaps (either … or) wag̣eˑnha. Srp.
periwinkle goʔoˑyʼa. S-n.
permit, to weˑwl\ʼ. Sv.
person maqlag̣. S-n.
pestle gaˑmoˑts. See gaˑm. Also gaˑmkʼys. See gaˑm.
pet (domesticated animal) wač. Sn.
phlegm, have loˑqoˑqw\ʼ. Sv.
photograph, take sʔodeˑtn̲a. See sʔ.
pick (berries) loykʼ. Sv. Also ʔisga. See osg.
pick (one’s teeth) he̲sqačʼaˑy\ʼa. See qa.

516
KLAMATH DICTIONARY
pick (wokas) r̲e̲ʼlᵛosga. See lᵛ.
pick out. See aqaˑyi̲ʼ. sv.
picking up adgl. sv.
picking up (raising) oyeˑg. sv.
picture pikča. Sn.
pieces, be in tʼekʼ. +Sv.
pierce kᵛeqn̲a. See kᵛ. See also “puncture.”
pig goso. Sn.
pig-a-back, carry dawaˑqʼy. Sv.
pile (as a cairn), to swʼaˑlʼ. Sv.
pile (as coals) sdoy. S-v.
pile (as logs, brush), to sqečʼ. S-v.
pile (make a mound), to sqoy. S-v.
pile (objs. on top of one another), to se̲ʔiwlyeˑga. See wal.
pile, on a ikL. sv.
pile, on top of a aptneˑg̣i. sv.
pillow, be a sʔolh. Sv.
pin, to patʼ. -Sv.
pincers (for hot iron; pliers) sne̲čʼliga̲oˑts. See čʼlᵉ. Also sne̲čʼlibgoˑts. See čʼlᵉ.
pince;s (of a crawfish) čʼliga̲oˑts. See čʼlᵉ. Also čʼlibgoˑts. See čʼlᵉ.
pinch, to čʼliga̲a. See čʼlᵉ.
pinch (as a tight shoe), to tʼay. -Sv.
pinch (catch between two surfaces), to čay\ʼ. -Sv.
pine (jackpine or “bull-pine”) g̣apg̣a. Sn.
pine (lodgepole pine) waˑko. Sn.
pine (ponderosa pine) g̣oˑ. S-n.
pine (sugar pine) qdeˑLo. Sn.
pine (white pine) baˑ. Sn.
pine (yellow pine—or possibly a sp. of fir?) liwl. -S-n.
pine cone čagaˑl. -S-n.
pine gum lalaˑqʼo. Sn.
pine gum (from the sugar pine; eaten) čačablo. Sn.
pine marten peˑp. Sn.
pine needle(s) sbaˑMi. Sn.
pine needle cluster or whorl bosq. S-n.
pine nut qdeˑLo. Sn.
pipe pʼag̣s. See pʼag̣.
pipe, act upon a sdᵛ. S-v (cl.).
pistol sikʼnitg. S-n.
Pit River (people and area) moˑwa̲twaˑs. See moˑwa̲.
pitch sdiyʼa. Sn.
pitch, smear on (as a sign of mourning) pʼloˑqʼ. Sv.
pitch-wood qačʼn. Sn.
pitter-patter (as the heart) kʼaw\ʼ. Sv.
pity, to yo. S-v.
place names: these are listed in order of their English translations (and the translations are those given by the informants with very slight editing). Items for which no translation was obtained are listed in alphabetical order at the end of the section. A numeral indicates that the place is shown on the map found in the volume containing the Texts. and information about that place will be given in the accompanying Key. Descriptive material will be thus given here only for places not shown on the map. Places which are names of tribal groups are not listed here but will be found below under “tribal names.”
“Above” blay. The town of Bligh. Sl.

517
ENGLISH-KLAMATH
place names (continued)
“All-along-the-Top” ʔiWr̲LWn̲nʼa. See ʔiW. Klamath Falls. 100.
“Among-the-Bushes” ʔiWqaˑyi̲ʼa. See ʔiW. 131.
“Apparition-Place” he̲ssleˑks. See sleʔ. 109.
“Around-the-Neck” ʔiWqʼaˑqʼ. See ʔiW. Fort Klamath. 159.
“Around-the-Neck-River” ʔiWqʼaˑqʼnʼi g̣og̣e. See ʔiW. Wood River. 154.
“At-Round-Object-on-the-End” lᵛawʼaˑlʼsd̲at. See lᵛ. 68.
“Badger-Standing-in-Water” kols tgᵛews. See tgᵛ. 49.
“Badger’s-Place” kolsʔmksi. See kol. 36.
“Bald-Eagle’s-Place” yawqʼlmksi. See yawqʼl. 71.
“Ball-Court” se̲qʼawehʔkʼys. A flat area at Crater Lake; see Text 10. See qʼaw\ʼ.
“Bear’s-Place” witʼeˑmʔmksi. See witʼeˑm. 50.
“Berry (sp.)-Place” čʼayangsdi. See čʼayang. 110.
“Big-Space-Around” moˑ ginkangs. See gin. 69.
“Bird-Lookout” čʼikʼs waLg̣kʼys. See waLg̣. 9.
“Bird’s (sp.)-Home” qawdoˑgiˑsm čiˑs. See qawdoˑgiˑ. 157.
“Blackbird-Standing-on-Top” čʼeg̣s dᵛawls. See dᵛ. 117.
“Blow- Through- Place” wisg̣n̲di. See wi. 67.
“Blueberry-Place” qʼlaˑǰksi. See qlaˑǰ. 5.
place names (continued)
“Boiling-out” ditqʼags. See di. 85.
“Bridge-Place” slan̲kʼwsksi. See slan̲. 54.
“Bubble-up-Place” sčʼolʼksi. See sčʼolʼ. 66.
“Bullhead’s-Well” kʼoččʼalm sʔilgs. See sʔilg. Location never elicited.
“Bull-Snake’s-Nest” wamnagsʔm waˑs. See wamnag. An island where the Williamson River Road joins the road from Chiloquin.
“Burying-Place” pʼnan̲ksi. See pʼnan̲. 59.
“Cache-Place” wog̣sdi. See wog̣. 60.
“Canoe-Dredged-up” sg̣ᵛotqʼags. See sg̣ᵛ. No location obtainable.
“Carry-Crow-up-The-Hillside” g̣aˑg̣s ksᵛawlyeˑgs. See ksᵛ. 8.
“Carrying-on-One’s-Shoulders” he̲sčʼikʼwaleˑʼs. See sčʼikʼwal. Mount Thielsen.
“Cave-Place” g̣omeˑksi. See g̣ome. 29.
“Chalk-Place” lobg̣sksi. See lobg̣. Apparently not the same as the next entry, but no location recorded.
“Chalk-Place” lobg̣sr̲r̲ksi. See lobg̣. 26.
“Charcoal-Lake” lkʼom ʔews. See lkʼom. 14.
“Chickadee-Place” čʼisg̣iˑg̣s. See čʼisg̣iˑg̣i. One mile below the hatchery on Crooked Creek.

518
KLAMATH DICTIONARY
place names (continued)
“Clam-Eating” g̣leˑčʼpʼań̲kʼys. See pʼań̲. 43.
“Cottonwood-Place” wlalksi. See wlal. 139.
“Cough’s-Spitting-on” ʔoqsoʼsʔm sloqʼtn̲ys. See ʔoqsoʼ. 28.
“Crawfish-Crawling-up” g̣oyʼalm sg̣eyg̣s. See sg̣e. 51.
“Cut-on-Top-Place” qdᵛawldi. See qdᵛ. 58.
“Diaphragm-Burnt-Through” pʼaws nᵛkekʼs. See nᵛ. Mount Harrison. Named after a man who went there on a power quest and returned able to utter only these words.
“Dogs’-Place” r̲e̲wač\ʼaˑkʼlmksi. See wač. 150.
“Down-Away” ʔiWdbn̲lʼg̣a. See ʔiW. Spring at the head of Crystal Creek. Translation dubious.
“Dry-on-Top” mpʼaqʼwls. See mpʼaqʼ. 95.
“Eat-First-Place” sniWaˑdglsi. See sni. 18.
“Excrement-Falling-up-out” sqʼeń̲s r̲e̲ʼwotqʼags. See w. A place near the Wolf Ranch, where evil-smelling volcanic mud boils up and falls on the ground.
“Falling-Downhill” weqweˑLs. See w. 103.
“Fishnet-Stands-on” wlo ksᵛikLs. See ksᵛ. No location obtainable.
“Flint-Place” mbosagsawaˑs. See mbosag. The town of Chiloquin. 40.
place names (continued)
“Going-Across-with-the-Fin-Showing” čʼinkʼws. See čʼin. 65.
“Grass-Place” ksonksi. See kson. 93.
“Grave-Place” spinoˑksi. See spinoˑ. 63.
“Hang-around-the-Neck-Place” waqʼaˑqʼksi. See w. 123.
“Hawk-Sitting-in-Water” ndoga̲s čᵛewys. See čᵛ. No location obtainable.
“Head-Place” nʼosksi. See nʼo. 17.
“Hehǰiˑʔas’-Place” hehǰiˑʼsmksi. See hehǰiˑʼ. 31.
“Herd-Going-to-the-End” čᵛabaˑni. See čᵛ. 13.
“Heron-Sitting-on-Top” r̲é̲r̲qʼaˑhʔsʔm čᵛikLs. See čᵛ. A mountain on the boundary of the old Reservation.
“Hole-Through-Rocks” qday ginqn̲ys. See gin. 99.
“Hollow-on-Top” r̲é̲r̲g̣oM\ʼlʼi. See g̣oM\ʼ. Goosenest Mountain.
“Horse-Place” wačksi. See wač. 34 and 124.
“Huckleberry-Place” ʔiwmg̣eˑni. See ʔiwm. Huckleberry Mountain.
“In-the-Berries (sp.)” čʼayangsd̲at. See čʼayang. 151.
“In-the-Spring” g̣awmd̲at. See g̣awm. 84.
“Is-Inside” ʔiWLy. See ʔiW. 92.
“Island-Place” ʔawalwsg̣eˑni. See ʔawalw. 7.

519
ENGLISH-KLAMATH
place names (continued)
“Jumping-over-for-Fun-Place” se̲hod̲yg̣ieˑʼks. See hod̲. 79.
“Kom-Sitting-in-Water” kom čᵛewys. See čᵛ. No location obtainable.
“Knotted-in-Water” wqʼotʼwas. See qʼotʼ. Buck Island. 89.
“Lake” ʔews. See ʔew. Klamath Lake.
“Lake-Place” ʔewksi. See ʔew. The Klamath Marsh.
“Land-Place” g̣eˑlaa̲lks. See g̣eˑla. 120.
“Limbs-Stick-out-of-Water” weq sqatqʼags. See qa. 23.
“Little-Alders-Place” r̲e̲ʼwibl\ʼaˑkʼs. See wibl. 57.
“Little-Boy-Lying-on-the-Hillside” čʼaˑg̣iʼaˑkʼ ksᵛalamns. See ksᵛ. 114.
“Little-Boy’s-Place” čʼaˑg̣iʼaˑkʼimksi. See čaˑg̣i. 125.
“Little-Caves-Place” r̲e̲g̣om\ʼaˑkʼksi. See g̣ome. 30.
“Little-Cottonwoods-Place” r̲r̲e̲wlal\ʼaˑkʼs. See wlal. 139.
“Little-Ears-Place” r̲e̲wʼawʼaˑqkʼalmksi. See wʼawʼaˑq. 87.
“Little-Hill-Place” lalli̲ʼ\ʼaˑkʼs. See lalli̲ʼ. 11.
“Little-Mountain-Place” yʼaynʼaʼaˑkʼs. See yʼaynʼa. 148.
“Little-old-Lady’s-Well” weleˑqʼ\ʼaˑkʼlm sʔilgs. See sʔilg. 141.
place names (continued)
“Little-Pine-Place” g̣apg̣aʼaˑkʼksi. See g̣apg̣a. 3.
“Little-Plain-Lying-in-the-Way” saˑykʼaʼaˑkʼ nᵉeqʼys. See nᵉ. 52.
“Little-Rapids-Place” diwiˑʼaˑkʼs. See di. 82 and 96.
“Little-Rivers-Place” r̲e̲g̣og̣\ʼaˑkʼksi. See g̣og̣e. 32.
“Little-Sand-Place” g̣law\ʼaˑkʼksi. See g̣law. 142.
“Little-Willows-in-a-Group-along-the-Edge” r̲e̲ʼyaˑkʼa liwykiˑns. See liw. 73.
“Little-Willows-Place” r̲e̲ʼyaˑkʼar̲r̲ksi. See yaˑ. 143.
“Little-Winter-House” loldm\ʼa̲llʼg̣kʼa. See loldm. 61.
“Lizards-Poured-out-on” qiˑʔa g̣itʼLa̲s. See g̣itʼ. 53.
“Lodgepole-Pine-on-the-Very-Edge” waˑko ʔiwliˑwa. See ʔiW. 156.
“Long-Object-in-the-Sun-Place” ʔᵛatʼaˑwi̲ʼks. See ʔᵛ. 46.
“Medicine-Getting-Place” yawg̣sa̲lks. See yawg̣. 28.
“Mound-in-Water” sqoyws. See sqoy. 134.
“Mountain-Place” yʼaynʼaks. See yʼaynʼa. Yainax.
“Mouth-Place” somdi. See som. 15.
“Muledeer’s-Wading-out” baˑg̣oˑlsm banyg̣is. See ban. 74.
“Mullet-Eating” tlag̣s pʼań̲kʼys. See pʼań̲. 128.

520
KLAMATH DICTIONARY
place names (continued)
“Mullet (sp.)-Killing-Place” histʼyys lwelks. See lwel. Summer Lake Ridge, near Beatty; a place on the old Reservation boundary.
“Netting-Place” dekčnʼks. See dek. Skillethandle Point. 108.
“Nettle-Cord-Place” sleˑčʼsksi. See sleˑčʼ. 136.
“On-the-End” ʔiWwʼaˑlʼa. See ʔiW. 4.
“On-the-South-Side” moˑwa̲kstʼa. See moˑwa̲. 64.
“On-the-Very-Edge” ʔiwliˑwa. See ʔiW. 80.
“Otter’s-Den” qʼoLtʔm waˑs. See qʼoLt. 45.
“Owl’s-Nest” mokʼsʔm waˑs. See mokʼ. A place south of Chiloquin, near the new Johns Manville plant.
“Owl’s-Place” mokʼsʔmksi. See mokʼ. A place on the Wolf Ranch, near sqʼeń̲s r̲e̲ʼwotqʼags.
“Piled-up-Place” swʼaˑlʼsg̣eˑn. See swʼaˑlʼ. A place on the Klamath Marsh where there was a large cairn.
“Plant(sp.)-Place” čapdi. See čap. No location obtainable.
“Plant(sp.: Artemisia tridentata Nutt.)-Place” qbolWiʔmg̣eˑni. See bolWi. 24.
“Plural-Objects-in-Water” ʔiwa. See ʔi. Summer Lake.
“Poured-up-on-Shore” g̣itʼbaˑtn̲čks. See g̣itʼ. 98.
place names (continued)
“Projecting-on-the-End” stakmʼaˑčʼ. See stak. Eagle Point. 118.
“Propped-up-against” ʔiWawnʼa̲a. See ʔiW. 97.
“Rattlesnake-Cut-in-Two” qʔis yᵛgatʼs. See yᵛ. 145.
“Red-Place” r̲é̲r̲taklʼisksi. See tak. A mountain near Silver Lake, towards Yamsay.
“Right-up-against” ʔiWbaˑtn̲nʼa. See ʔiW. 106.
“Ringing-Instrument” nr̲é̲r̲ǰaqʼkʼys. See ǰaqʼ. 111.
“Roasting-Place” noˑg̣a̲lks. See noˑg̣. 113.
“Rock-Nest” qdaywaˑs. See qday. 2.
“Rock-Place” qdaydi. See qday. 42.
“Rock-Place” qdayksi. See qday. 78.
“Round-Object-in-Water-Place” lᵛewsi. See lᵛ. 104.
“Round-Object-on-the-End” lᵛamʼaˑčʼ. See lᵛ. 90.
“Salmon’s-Place” čʼiyaˑlʼsʔmksi. See čʼiyaˑlʼ. 72.
“Serviceberry-on-the-Bank” čag lᵛaliˑgs. See lᵛ. 121.
“Serviceberry-on-the-Hillside” čag lᵛalamns. See lᵛ. 137.
“Serviceberry-Place” čagg̣eˑni. See čag. Rogue River.
“Serviceberry-Place” čagdi. See čag. A place below Saddle Mountain.
“Sharp-on-the-End” kalwʼaˑlʼ. See kal. Algoma. 88.

521
ENGLISH-KLAMATH
place names (continued)
“Sharp-One” daqʼnʼi. See daqʼ. 39.
“Sharpening-Instrument” ʔᵛqʼečʼsa̲lkʼys. See qʼečʼ. 19.
“Shasta-Standing-on-the-End” sesti tgᵛawʼaˑlʼs. See tgᵛ. Squaw Point. 112.
“Snake’s-Lying-in-Water” wisingm dinws. See din. 12.
“Snipe-Place” nʼaˑtʼaksi. See nʼaˑtʼa. 35.
“Spread-out-in-Water” hiwws. See hiw. 75.
“Spring-Place” g̣awmg̣eˑni. See g̣awm. 37.
“Spring-Place” g̣awmr̲r̲ksi. See g̣awm. 130.
“Sqamdi’s-Den” sqamdiwaˑs. See sqamdi. 20.
“Standing-on-the-Bank” dᵛaliˑgs. See dᵛ. 25.
“Star’s-Fall” qčoˑlʔm ntʼiwlʼg̣s. See ntʼiw. 119.
“Star’s-Plain” qčoˑlʔm saˑykʼa. See saˑykʼa. LaPine.
“Striped-Rocks-Place” balaˑwʼsksi. See balaˑwʼ. A place to the north of Crater Lake and a boundary marker of the old Reservation. Rock formations at this place are in the form of vertically striated bluffs, almost like pillars.
“Sucker’s-Going-up-out” čʼomsʔm gᵛotqʼags. See gᵛ. 16.
“Sunrise” niˑLg̣s. See niˑLg̣. 86.
place names (continued)
“Sunset-Place” dinneˑgksi. See din. 132.
“Swan-Place” g̣osksi. See g̣o. 38.
“Swan’s-Going-up-out” g̣osʔm gᵛotqʼags. See gᵛ. 21.
“Taking-out-of-Water-with-a-Pointed-Instrument” kᵛiwykiˑns. See kᵛ. 33.
“Tgolʼoˑts’-Lying-in-Water” tgolʼoˑtsʔm ksᵛews. See ksᵛ. 152.
“Tgolʼoˑts’-Lying-Underneath” tgolʼoˑtsʔm ksᵛodiˑlks. See ksᵛ. 155.
“Tracking-Over” g̣wen̲pʼleˑg̣is. See g̣wen̲. l49.
“Tree’s-Extending-out” g̣oˑsʔm wqiws. See wqiw. A place below Lang’s Ranch, near the Williamson River Cemetery.
“Trees-Growing-out-in-a-Line” g̣oˑs waˑmykiˑns. See waˑm. The Williamson River Cemetery. Possibly the same as the last above?
“Trees-Standing-in-a-Group-on-the-Edge” g̣oˑs liwliˑgs. See liw. 140.
“West-Side” tg̣almakstʼa. See tg̣alm. 41.
“Where-It-Is-Clear” r̲é̲r̲yallʼant. See yal. Spring Creek. 22.
“Where-It-Is-Rough” r̲é̲ˑr̲qeˑY\ʼlʼant. See qeY\ʼ. 115.
“Wild-Parsnips-among-(Rocks)” skʼawangs lᵛakʼčʼwys. See lᵛ. 133.

522
KLAMATH DICTIONARY
place names (continued)
“Willow-beside-the-Edge” yaˑs ksᵛelwys. See ksᵛ. 55.
“Willow-on-the-End” yaˑs ksᵛawʼaˑlʼs. See ksᵛ. 77.
“Willow-Place” toqʼsksi. See toqʼ. 76 and 146.
“Wokas-Getting-Place” woksa̲lks. See wok. 107.
“Yellowhammer-Flying-along-the-Side” čʼews honlamns. See hon. 102.
ʔawsmi. Sn. Bare Island. 116.
bečmi. Sn. 62.
r̲é̲r̲čal\ʼaˑkʼs. See čal. 81.
čeˑLg̣sdi. See čeˑLg̣. Saddle Mountain.
čokʼalws. See čokʼalw. 56.
čʼaqʼwi. Sn. 48.
čʼniWiˑlʼs. See čʼniˑWiˑlʼ. No location obtained. See Texts, 38.48.
dokwa. Sn. The Mouth of Williamson River. 70.
doylkʼat. Sn. 6.
giˑws. See giˑw. Crater Lake
gombat. Sn. Pelican Bay.
g̣oWasdi. See g̣oWa. 144.
g̣welgsdi. See g̣welg. Lake of the Woods.
r̲é̲r̲homsdi. See hom. 158.
ǰigyes. See ǰigye. 44.
kelms. See kelm. Mount Calimus.
koyLa. Sn. Fuego Mountain.
lalawqʼat. Sn. 10l.
layqʼyaˑmi. Sn. Fairchild, California. Possibly not Klamath.
place names (continued)
leqʼmeˑsi. Sn. A place at Warmsprings. Possibly not Klamath.
lʼoqoˑgat. Sn. 138.
maˑdamsksi. See maˑdam. 135.
močʼoˑy\ʼaˑkʼs. See močʼoˑy. 1.
molsi. See mol. Said to mean “Black-Swan-Place” (?). 129.
r̲é̲r̲r̲nenms. See nenm. No location obtained. Said to be named after a mythological figure who kept crying /nenam nenam!/. BL thought this meant “Up! Up!” The myth is given by Curtin (1912).
paksa. Sn. Little Wokas Bay.
qawkʼat. Sn. 127.
qʼačwʼeˑč. Sn. 27.
qʼaǰi. Sn. 122.
sidaygsdi. See sidayg. A place at Warmsprings. Possibly not Klamath.
soˑqetmi. Sn. 147.
tanʼaqʼaksi. See tanʼaqʼa. 105.
tg̣ablamč. Sn. A place supposed to be somewhere on the northern banks of Klamath Lake.
tʼilkoydi. See tʼilkoy. Shoalwater Bay.
tʼomsandi. See tʼomsan. Mount Scott. Also see waˑlmsiˑni below with the same gloss (?).
waktalys. See waktal. Said to mean “Lodgepole-Pine-Place.” 10.
watangs. See watang. 91.
waˑlmsiˑni. See waˑlm. Mount Scott. See tʼomsandi above with the same gloss (?).
wilwaldi. See wilmal. 83.
wlʼiˑč. Sn. 94.

523
ENGLISH-KLAMATH
place names (concluded)
yaʼaˑkʼ. See ya. 47.
yanaldi. See yanal. Agency Hill. 153.
yʼamsiˑ. See yʼam. Yamsay.
place of di. sn sv.
place of ksi. sv sn sp sd sa sl.
place of (region of) g̣eˑni. sn sl.
places (in … places) ʼaˑs. sa.
plain (clearing, open space) saˑykʼa. Sn.
plan, to newlʼg̣. Sv.
planned to do a̲stg. sv.
planning to (intending to) samni. sv.
plant: the following are the names of plants which either have no commonly known English name or which are unidentifiable. These are roughly grouped into: berries, bushes, grasses, reeds. roots, and miscellaneous-unidentifiable. The author’s unfamiliarity with plant taxonomy renders this list liable to error.
berries:
berry (sp. called “bearberry” by informants) čʼmoLq. Sn.
berry (unknown sp. of edible red berry) r̲r̲e̲sčoqʼoˑlysʔm. See sčoqʼy.
blueberry (Lonicera conjugalis) ʔod. S-n.
blueberry (sp.) baˑw. -S-n.
blueberry (sp.) qʼlaˑǰ. Sn.
currant čʼomsqʼ. S-n.
serviceberry (also called “saugusberry”) čag. Sn.
thimbleberry r̲e̲he̲sqamoˑlsʔm (Rubus parviflorus Nutt.). See qam. The same (or another similar sp. ?) is also called r̲e̲he̲ssqačʼoˑli̲ʼsʔm. See čʼoli̲ʼ.
“thornberry” (also called “willowberry”) čʼayang. S-n.
bushes, flowering plants, sagebrushes
plant (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) bolWi. Sn.
plant (Chrysothamnus bloomeri Grey) waˑMi. Sn.
plant (Compositae, sp.) waL. -S-n.
plant (Kunzia tridentata). ǰag̣lo. Sn.
plant (sp. bush) čʼomčʼaq. Sn.
plant (sp. bush) qʼow. -S-n.
plant (sp. flowering plant) ʔoˑlʼsʔm bonws. See ʔoˑlʼ.
plant (sp. sagebrush) česleyn. -S-n.
plant (sp. sagebrush similar to Artemisia tridentata) kʼat. Sn.
plant (sp. similar to wild parsnip) g̣oˑd. -S-n.
grasses, seeds
plant (Balsamorrhiza sagittata) lba. Sn.
plant (Equisetum hyemale L.) wačakw. S-n.
plant (Glycerinus, sp., or Agrostis perennans) notak. Sn.
plant (marsh weed) g̣odaˑ. Sn.
plant (mustard seed: Sisymbrium incisum Engelm.) čʼipʼ. Sv.
plant (mustard seed. sp.) wisingʔm čʼipʼs. See čʼipʼ.
plant (rye grass: Elymus condensatus Presl.) g̣leˑpi. Sn.
plant (squaw grass: Xerophyllum tenax) ʔepat. Sn.

524
KLAMATH DICTIONARY
plant names (continued)
grasses, seeds (continued)
plant (swordgrass, sp.) beˑnhi. Sn.
plant (swordgrass, sp.) čaw. -S-n.
reeds
reed (burr-reed) wčaq. Sn.
reed (Juncus balticus Willd.) čʼnaw. Sn.
reed (Phragmites phragmites) saˑl. Sn.
reed (Phragmites. sp.) tg̣ap. Sn.
reed (Rumex geyeri or R. paucifolius Nutt.) g̣naˑwat. Sn.
roots, tubers
root (Angelico) ma. S-n.
root (Calochortus macrocarpus Dougl.) yan. S-n.
root (Carum gairdneri) ndalk. Sn.
root (Carum oregonum Wats.) g̣eˑ. S-n.
root (Camassia esculenta) bog̣s. See bog̣.
root (death camas) sgaw. Sn.
root (Gatschet gives Pencedanum ambiguum; Kouse cogswellia utriculata (Nutt.) Jones; sp. identified by LK as either Lomantium canbyi C. and R. or Lomantium piperi C. and R.) leY. S-n.
root (Sium cicutaefolium Gmel.) wqam. Sn.
root (sp. unknown) mag̣iˑp. Sn.
root (sp. unknown) dawiˑq. S-n.
root (sp. unknown) g̣itnʼa. -S-n.
root (sp. unknown) qlanʼe. Sn.
root (sp. unknown) qlo. Sn.
root (sp. unknown) tʼaks. S-n.
root (sp. unknown) waˑl. Sn.
root (wild potato: Gatschet gives Sagittaria sagittifolia or Sagittaria variabilis; Sagittaria latifolia) čwa. Sn.
root (Valeriana) kʼoˑl. Sn.
miscellaneous-unidentifiable
plant (sp. similar to wokas) čyaˑw. S-n.
plant (sp. unknown) ʔot. S-n.
plant (sp. unknown) čap. Sn.
plant (sp. unknown) non. S-n.
plant (a crop) he̲swaˑ. See waˑ.
plate (dish) sapLs. See sapL.
plate, act upon a sʔoˑ. S-v.
plateau knaˑt. Sn.
play, to leˑwʼ. Sv.
play a flute slʼoˑlwʼ. Sv.
play a joke gmay. Sv.
play a rattle ʔoloˑkʼ. Sv.
play cards ligal gi. See ligal.
play catch se̲qʼawehʔa. See qʼaw\ʼ.
play pool landoˑʼ. Sv.
play possum pʼeˑhǰiˑʼ. Sv.
play, the handgame nayatʼiˑya. Sv Sn.
play tug-of-war he̲spidg̣leˑʼa. See spi.
playing (in competition) eˑʼ. sv.
playing cards ligal. Sn.
please … ! ([polite imperative)) ang. sv.
pleased, be dičʼeˑwi̲ʼa. See dičʼ and eˑwi̲ʼ.
plot against newlʼg̣tn̲a. See newlʼg̣.
plow, to sbᵛtʼoˑyi̲ʼa. See sbᵛ.
pluck (a bird) oLqʼ. sv.
plug up stʼil. S-v.
plugging up (closing, shutting) akʼy. sv.

525
ENGLISH-KLAMATH
plum (wild plum) dmolo. Sn.
plume sdᵛotn̲ys. See dᵛ.
plural objects, act upon ʔi. S-v (cl.).
plural, action upon ([intensive, action upon plural objects]) ˑ. sv.
pocket payaˑqʼo. Sn.
pocket, in a akʼčʼwy. sv.
pocketknife qʼosapʼ. S-n.
pod čʼiLq. Sn.
point, on the amʼaˑčʼ. sv.
point, to g̣in. S-v. Also sqol. S-v.
point (in the handgame, indicating the position of the hidden bones), to spel. S-v.
point out (show) ʔalaˑY. Sv.
pointed instrument, act with a kᵛ. S-v (cl.).
pointed instrument, act with a (stabbing, spearing) s. S-v (cl.).
pointed object, act with a sqol. S-v.
poison, to spʼaw. S-v.
poison oak čʼimtʼsm. See čʼi. Also r̲e̲čʼibqʼsm. See čʼi.
poke with a pointed instrument kᵛ. S-v (cl.).
poker (for fire) qba. Sn.
pole waL. S-n.
pole (fishing) wqa. Sn. Also swʼᵛewoˑts. See swʼᵛ.
police poliˑ. S-n.
policeman r̲r̲e̲snʼog̣ys. See snʼog̣.
pond lily: “wokas” wok. S-n. Further English entries having to do with this common food plant will be found under “wokas.”
pond lily (sp. similar to wokas) čʼiniˑqʼ. S-n.
pool (deep spring) welw. S-n.
pool, play landoˑʼ. Sv.
poor r̲e̲ʼyolʼg̣spči. See yo.
poor (thin, unhealthy), be sʔoysʔ. Sv.
pop, to nčʼiw. S-v.
porcupine čeˑl. S-n.
porcupine needles smaˑy. Sn.
[possessive] ʔm. sn sp sd sa sl.
[possessive theme formant] dan. sp.
post (roof-support) sčaw. S-n.
pot čʼikʼaˑyi̲ʼoˑts. See čʼi.
pot (iron kettle) liLpʼ. S-n.
potato čwa. Sn.
poultice doˑtn̲ys. See doˑ.
pounce on delwg. Sv.
pound, to qʼečʼ. -Sv.
pound down (tamp) din. -Sv.
pound into a compact mass qičʼ. -Sv.
pound with a fist or foot kt. S-v (cl.).
pound with a long instrument w. S-v (cl.).
pound with a round instrument n. S-v (cl.).
pour g̣itʼ. S-v (cl.).
pout wbelqʼ. Sv.
pout (have naturally protruding lips) wloq. S-v.
powerful, be g̣illi̲ʼ. Sv.
power-quest, perform spodw. Sv.
prairie (open space, clearing) saˑykʼa. Sn.
prairie dog msa. S-n.
prayer pleya. Sn.
preacher priˑča. Sn.
precipice Wal. S-n.
pregnant, be kosl\ʼ. Sv.
pregnancy spots, have snakʼl. Sv.

526
KLAMATH DICTIONARY
premonition, have (be an omen) tg̣otg̣. Sv.
premonition in a dream. have (?) tʼn̲. sv.
pretty dičʼiˑkʼaˑni. See dičʼ.
pretty, be ǰleˑkʼ. Sv.
prick (thorn), to kčʼen̲. Sv.
prickle (as when one’s foot goes to sleep) toy\ʼ. Sv.
prickle (feel something sharp) lʔekʼ. Sv.
prickly, be Lopʼ. +Sv.
prisoner sponLydk. See spon.
prisoners ʔiLydk. See oLy.
privy lačʼkʼa. See lačʼ.
prod in the ribs sǰiqʼa. See ǰiqʼ.
prohibit (forbid) hiwsg. Sv.
prohibit (warn) r̲e̲woytn̲bga. See woy.
project, to sqačʼ. S-v.
project in a grove witʼ. S-v.
project in a line waˑm. S-v (cl.). Also lčʼi. S-v.
project out onto a plain wqiw. Sv sv.
project to a point stak. S-v.
promise, to ʔapʔo. S-v.
prone obj., act upon a doˑ. S-v.
pronged or heavy obj., act upon a qa. S-v (cl.).
prop up underneath sdᵛodiˑla. See dᵛ.
proper names: these are alphabetized according to their English translation (quite makeshift in many cases) in four major sections: mythological characters (and cf. under “mythological animals” as well), men’s proper names, women’s proper names. and animals’ proper names.
proper names—mythological characters: These are divided on the basis of their occurrence in the accompanying Texts into major characters, subsidiary characters. and minor characters. Many more common nouns also occur as the names of myth beings (e.g., such important figures as /čʼaˑqyʼaˑk/ “Little Boy”), but they are not found in any of the author’s texts and so are not included here. A few names which do not occur in the Texts but which have no common noun meaning (i.e., function only as “proper names”) are added here. Text references follow each entry wherever possible. It should be noted that the present division into major, subsidiary. and minor characters is based solely upon the occurrence of these figures in the author’s texts; in the totality of Klamath mythology the status of many of these beings would almost certainly have to be changed.
Major characters
Bald Eagle yawqʼl. Sn. 15.
Black Bear witʼeˑm. Sn. 1.
Coyote wʼa. S-n. Or kʼolyʼaˑ. Sn. 2, 3, 13, 16.
Fish-hawk dogwʼ. -S-n. 15.
Hidden-One ʔaysis. See ʔaysi. 4.272 ff.
Pelican koml. Sn. 5.87 ff., 15, 16.
Porcupine čeˑl. S-n. 3, 4.331 ff.
Skunk čʼaˑs. S-n. 9.
Weasel čʼasgaˑy. Sn. 7, 10.

527
ENGLISH-KLAMATH
proper names—mythological (cont’d)
Major characters (cont’d)
čečteˑs. S-n. 7. (Equated with “Old Mink”).
gmo. S-n. (Gmokʼamʼč). 4.241 ff, 5.57, 6, 11.16 ff, 13.96 ff, 16.39 ff, 17.15 ff, 18.8 ff, 26.60 ff.
hehǰiˑʼ. S-n. (Hehǰiˑʔas). 8.
sqel. Sn. (“Old Marten” or “Old Mink”—not used as a common noun). 10, 18.80.
swaˑya. Sn. 5.
Subsidiary characters
Antelope čew. Sn. 1.2 ff, 2.52 ff, 5.59, 10.65, 13.84 ff.
Badger kol. S-n. 2.1 ff.
Buffalo yohoˑ. Sn. 3.4 ff.
Bullhead kʼoččʼa. Sn. 6.2 ff.
Frog kowʼe. Sn. 5.2 ff.
Goose loˑ. S-n. 8.
Grizzly Bear loq. Sn. 21.9 ff.
Hat baˑlʼaˑʼ. S-n. 3.76 ff.
Nighthawk čʼasg̣iˑp. S-n. 7, 17.2.
Qawdoˑgiˑs Birds qawdoˑgiˑ. S-n. 11.
Thunderbird r̲r̲e̲lmen̲ys. See lmen̲. 13.12 ff.
leˑw. Sn. (The “Leˑw,” a monster dwelling in Crater Lake). 10.55 ff.
sqamdi. Sn. 19.
Minor characters
Ant qʼiMaˑč. Sn. 4.328, 5.62.
Awl saqda. Sn. 1.111, 4.147.
Blue Crane. sʔoˑg̣. S-n. 1.135.
Breaking-through-with-Rocks mbastga nqewi̲ʼYabgs. See qewi̲ʼ. 7.20.
proper names—mythological (cont’d)
Minor characters (cont’d)
Brown-Spots-above-the-Eyes qʼaWlʼir̲e̲se̲lᵛikLs. See lᵛ. 7.13.
Butterfly (sisters) weq. -Sn. 4.314, 4.328.
Chewing-up-Little-Trees g̣apg̣a g̣wᵛačʼeˑsys. See ačʼeˑs. 7.9, 17.6 ff.
Cottonwood wlal. Sn. 13.72.
Crow g̣aˑg̣. Sn. 1.27, 13.4l.
Deer lilhang. S-n. 10.61.
Digging-up-Serviceberries čag r̲e̲ʼlᵛotqʼags. See lᵛ. 7.15. Also recorded as čag r̲e̲lʼog̣s. See lʼog̣.
Dove ʔoˑlʼ. S-n. 10.91.
Dragonfly qoqding. S-n. 5.64 ff.
Flea kʼotʼ. S-n. 5.62
Grasshopper (or Locust) tʼaˑhʔ. -S-n. 4.328 ff.
Little Mudhen stʼokʼwa. Sn. 4.277 ff. Given by PO as “Little Squirrel” (and so recorded in the translation of the Texts) but later corrected by RD to “Little Mudhen.”
Louse kʼoY. S-n. 5.48, 5.62.
Mallard Duck Weˑg̣. S-n. 4.277 ff.
Meadowlark sqolʼe. Sn. 4.38 ff, 4.438 ff.
Mudhen tʼohoˑ. S-n. 4.277.
Ponderosa Pine g̣oˑ. S-n. 2.34.
Rose Bush čʼwidi. Sn. 2.43.
Sagebrush (sp.) kʼat. Sn. 2.38
Sandhill Crane qʼlidiˑ. S-n. 4.277.

528
KLAMATH DICTIONARY
proper names—mythological (cont’d)
Minor characters (cont’d)
Serviceberry čag. Sn. 13.65.
Sky-Roarer g̣aloˑ qaˑqag̣s. See qaˑqag̣. 7.24, 17.2 ff.
Snipe (Killdeer) čʼwiˑdidig. S-n. 4.55.
Snowbird čʼikʼaˑ. Sn. 4.277.
Snowbrush r̲r̲e̲slʼabtn̲ysʔm. See slʼab. 13.55.
Stump tʼotʼ. S-n. 13.48.
Willow yaˑ. S-n. 13.77
qʼaǰičwʼačweˑʼ. S-n. Said to mean “show-off.”
tgolʼoˑt. S-n. Said to be similar to (or identical with?) /čʼaˑqyʼaˑk/ “Little Boy.”
yaˑhʔ. -S-n.
proper names—men’s
Bear-Slayer loq r̲r̲e̲lwelys. See lwel.
Big-Old-Knees r̲e̲qʼolʼančʔmč. See qʼolʼinč.
Big-Old-Testicles r̲r̲e̲slʼolgʔmʼč. See slʼolg.
Brown r̲é̲r̲čʼislʼi. See čʼis.
Bucket-Belly poqʼoˑnkas. See nka.
Buttocks-in-the-Face čʼoqbg̣s. See čʼoq.
Hair-Hat lag̣ čʼoyeˑs. See lag̣.
Little Marten sqel\ʼaˑkʼ. See sqel.
Little Nail ǰigmin\ʼaˑkʼ. See ǰigmin.
Muddy-Brown-Headed r̲é̲r̲mʼak nʼos gidk. See mʼak.
Night-Wanderer psin r̲e̲damnoń̲wys. See damnoń̲.
Pants-Hanging-Down nᵉiǰqʼoˑlys. See nᵉ.
proper names—men’s (cont’d)
Sharp-Nose čaqʼpsis. See čaqʼ.
Stingy-with-Trouts’-Eyes meYsm lolb wiˑčʼigs. See wiˑčʼig.
Widower čimʼandk. See čimʼan.
čiˑloqin. S-n.
čʼopbaq. Sn.
lʼiˑk. -S-n.
tʼak. -S-n.
proper names—women’s
Awfully-Stupid qʼapapsys. See paps.
Bogeyman-Foot qoˑʼs peč. See qoˑʼ.
Cooler-by-Blowing snogs. See snog.
Little-Fire lolog̣kʼa. See lolog̣.
Lively-One (?) wčʼeg. S-n.
Pig-Eye goso lolb. See goso.
Pig-Tooth goso dot. See goso.
Snipe (Killdeer) čʼwiˑdidig. S-n.
Stella’s-Mother sdelakʼsa̲b. See kʼis.
sagaˑt. S-n.
sdela. Sn.
proper names—animals’
Pacer r̲r̲é̲ˑr̲ltig\ʼs. See ltig\ʼ. (Dog’s name).
diˑgi. Sn. (Dog’s name).
propped up against awnʼa̲. sv.
prostitute r̲e̲se̲dᵛewlʼg̣ys. See dᵛ.
proud, be yaˑmi̲ʼ. Sv.
prune a tree gay. -Sv.
pubic hair smʼaˑk. See mʼaˑk.
pucker the lips sdočʼoˑkʼ. Sv.
puff the breath (onto a patient in a curing ceremony) swokʼ. S-v.
pull, to pᵛ. S-v (cl.).
pull a tooth kʼatʼ. +Sv.
pumice čog̣i. Sn.

529
ENGLISH-KLAMATH
puncture kekʼ. -Sv. Also kewi̲ʼ. -Sv.
puncture (pierce, as the ears) kᵛeqn̲a. See kᵛ.
puncture and peel (with the fingernails) čʼlidg̣a. See čʼlᵉ.
pup (pet name for a dog) weloč. Sn.
pupil of the eye r̲é̲r̲boslʼi. See bos.
purse waˑg̣ogs. See waˑ.
pus čʼitqʼags. See čʼi. Also mʼolʼs. See mʼolʼ.
push, to ktiwčnʼa (etc.). See kt. Also yᵛiwčnʼa (etc.). See yᵛ.
put in order wlelg̣. Sv.
put on (clothes) lwᵛ. S-v (cl.). See also under the names of various articles of clothing.
put out a fire sipč. Sv.
putting down elʼg̣. sv.
Q
quail (California quail) r̲r̲e̲sdᵛawllʼg̣s. See dᵛ.
quail (mountain quail) digaˑgaʼ. S-n.
quarrel, to sasalky. Sv.
quarter of a dollar kwaˑda. Sn.
quartz wqʼa. S-n.
question, ask woln̲. Sv.
quickly balaq. Srt.
quickly (fast, violently) g̣illi̲ʼank. See g̣illi̲ʼ.
quiet, be qap. S-v.
quiet (calm), be tʼaˑm. S-v. Also g̣em. S-v.
quit g̣lewy. Sv.
quiver ʔaqaˑwi. sn.
quiver (?) doˑkangs. See doˑ.
quiver (skin bag for the bow and arrows) weg̣eˑp. S-v.
quiver (as jelly), to moY\ʼ. Sv. See also “shiver.”
[quotative] mat. Srp.
R
rabbit kay. Sn.
rabbit (cottontail) čʼwakʼna. Sn.
rabbit (jackrabbit) ng̣ol. Sn.
rabbit (small sp.) r̲é̲r̲kʼoY\ʼs. See kʼoY\ʼ.
rabbitskin blanket qʼalyʼa. Sn.
raccoon wačginʼa. Sn.
race, to soynʼ. Sv.
rack (for drying fish) sbahoˑts. See bah. Also sčokʼlʼg̣s. See sčokʼ.
rack (for storage) g̣eL. S-n.
rag siˑl\ʼaˑkʼ. See siˑl.
rags (to wrap the feet with) pʼiwg̣. S-n.
railroad train lolog̣s weˑgan. See lolog̣ and weˑgan. Also treyn. Sn.
rain, to qdoˑč. Sv.
rainbow wičʼyaq. Sn.
raise (a child) he̲stsiń̲. See tsiń̲.
raise (crops) he̲swaˑ. See waˑ.
raising (lifting) oyeˑg. sv.
raising (picking up) adgl. sv.
ramrod sqolr̲sg̣n̲nʼoˑts. See asg̣n̲.
rapids diwiˑs. See di.
rattle (cleft-stick) ʔoloˑkʼs. See ʔoloˑkʼ.
rattle (deer-hoof) sr̲e̲r̲čaqʼoˑts. See čaqʼ.
rattle, to čaqʼ. Sv.
rattles (snake) sne̲Walwis. See Wal.

530
KLAMATH DICTIONARY
rattlesnake qʔi. S-n.
raw, be sang̣i. Sv.
razor se̲ʔᵛyʼoˑqʼoˑts. See yʼoqʼ.
reach (touch, act with the hand) das. S-v. Also nʼiq. S-v.
reach, to tpek. S-v.
reaching (arriving) adbn̲. sv.
read ʔeˑʔalg̣. Sv.
ready, be mʼolwʼ. Sv.
really ʔeč. Srp.
receding hairline, having r̲r̲e̲stʼaqʼLyykiˑndk. See tʼaqʼ.
receive dekdang̣a. See dek.
recently tʼeyn. Sra.
recently (a little while ago) niˑya. Srt.
recognize qoyg̣. Sv.
recognize, not qayqmʼ. Sv.
recover (heal) wen̲bli. See wen̲.
recover consciousness se̲mčelg̣bli. See mčelg̣.
red, be tak. S-v.
reddish, be ǰoy. S-v.
red-hot, be ǰoyoˑ. S-v.
reed: for various spp. see under “plant.” Reeds having commonly known English names will be found under those headings.
[referential] t. sv sn sd sa sl sr.
reflect in water kčalwa. See kčal.
reflection kčalwys. See kčal.
[reflexive-reciprocal] se̲. pv pd pr.
region of g̣eˑni. sn sl.
regret, to Lil. Sv.
regret doing sombal. S-v.
rejoice sidyaykʼ. Sv. Also qʼoyseˑwi̲ʼ. Sv.
relate (tell) heseˑks. Sv.
relate one’s ailments soˑwi. Sv.
related, be sʔaˑMkʼ. Sv.
relative sʔaˑMkʼs. See sʔaˑMkʼ.
relative whose connection has been broken by the death of an intermediate link (e.g., the brother of one’s deceased wife) spinwyb. See spinoˑ.
release (let go) deliˑn. Sv.
releasing osg. sv.
relieve oneself, go to gᵛeqn̲ča̲a. See eqn̲.
relieve oneself from a canoe čʼoqliˑna. See čʼoq.
remain behind čᵛalʼaˑlʼbga. See alʼaˑlʼ.
remainder ʔibgčʼn̲a. See ʔi.
remaining ([durative]) obg. sv.
remaining (in a state resulting from past action: having been … ed) odg. sv.
remember hoˑskanga. See hosʔ.
render grease sdilʼg̣a. See di.
repeatedly in the air eˑqʼ. sv.
replacing akʼapsdi. sv.
report (take news) sdil. S-v.
[reported action] mat. Srp.
rescue, to lewg. Sv. Also sne̲ʼwibga. See wibg.
rest, to g̣eˑǰigoˑla. See g̣eˑǰig.
resurrect sne̲witn̲bli. See wi.
retriever r̲e̲hod̲wys. See hod̲.
returning ebli. sv.
revenge, take se̲ʼwalg̣a. See walg̣.
revive he̲shoqn̲bli. See hoqn̲. Also sne̲witn̲bli. See wi.
revolve akʼiˑčʼ. sv.
rib laˑl. S-n.
rice r̲e̲mʼolq\ʼaˑkʼ. See mʼolq.
rich (powerful, prestigeful) lag̣i. Sn Sv.

531
ENGLISH-KLAMATH
riches domdwaˑ. See dom and dwaˑ.
rickety (swaying), be čok. S-v.
rickety (unstable, loose), be čey. Sv.
ride (a horse) he̲sg̣isčnʼa. See g̣is. Also he̲shoˑd̲čnʼa. See hoˑd̲.
ride (in an automobile, wagon) lᵛor̲yamna (etc.). See lᵛ. Also sdilnčnʼa. See diln.
right (side) steLbg. S-n (?).
right (true) qadak. Sra.
right away nannwi. sv.
right up to alčʼwy. sv.
rim of a basket, make tʼg̣\ʼ. -Sv (?).
ring (finger) nʼepsisiˑls. See sisiˑli̲ʼ.
ring, to ǰaqʼ. -Sv.
ring, wear nʼepsisiˑli̲ʼa. See sisiˑli̲ʼ. Also lᵛoLy. See lᵛ. Also lᵛakyamna. See lᵛ.
rinse out the mouth se̲qbᵛočʼkʼa. See qbᵛ.
ripe, be noˑg̣. Sv.
ripple, to lqʼań̲. Sv.
rise (sun) niˑLg̣. Sv. Also dinyg̣i. See din.
rising adgl. sv. Also oyeˑg. sv.
river g̣og̣e. Sn.
riverbed (dry) g̣og̣e palwys. See pal.
road sdo. Sn.
road, in the eqʼy. sv.
roan-colored (golden-red-brown), be qas. S-v.
roan-colored (light reddish-brown), be lʼim. S-v.
roar (as water, crowd, stampede) sil\ʼ. Sv.
roar (with laughter) sdoqʼ. Sv.
roast, to noˑg̣\ʼa̲la. See noˑg̣.
roasting (on coals) aps. sv.
roasting (on the fire) alʼaˑlʼ. sv.
roasting stick sdᵛeLWn̲oˑts. See dᵛ.
robin wisg̣ag̣. Sn.
rock qday. Sn.
rock (for cooking) mba. S-n.
rock (heated and put on parts of the body affected by chills, arthritis, etc.) se̲ʼlᵛelʼg̣s. See lᵛ.
rock the body to and fro swʼinkanga. See wʼin.
rocking chair swʼinkangoˑts. See wʼin.
rocky, be qeY\ʼ. Sv.
rodeo loˑdiˑn. Sn.
roe Loqʼs. See Loqʼ.
Rogue River people čagg̣eˑnkniˑ. See čag.
roll (wad up, tangle) qʼoli̲ʼ. -Sv.
roll, to diln. S-v.
roll in snow (on the power quest) lpeʼ. sv.
roof slᵉawls. See slᵉ.
root wewk. Sn.
root: for various spp. see under “plant.” Roots having commonly known English names will be found under those headings.
rope qnog̣. S-n.
ropelike obj., act upon a ton. S-v. Also a few forms under nᵉ. S-v (cl.).
rose (wild rose) čʼwidi. Sn.
rot (rust, decay) slʼeqʼ. Sv.
rot (spoil, sour) ntʼopʼ. Sv.

532
KLAMATH DICTIONARY
rotten wood molo. Sn.
rough terrain, be qeY\ʼ. Sv.
rough up kʼoˑs. -Sv.
round, be qʼal. S-v.
round instrument, act with a n. S-v (cl.).
round obj., act upon a lᵛ. S-v (cl.).
round objs. (few), act upon pew. S-v.
row (a boat). See “canoe, act upon a.”
row, in a. See “line, in a.”
row hard ʔoˑ. S-v.
rub off of oneself se̲ʔidg̣oˑla. See odg̣.
rub on (paint on) tčʼoˑs. -Sv.
rub on (pitch, as a sign of mourning) pʼloˑqʼ. Sv.
rub the hands together se̲dᵛqʼoˑli̲ʼa. See qʼoli̲ʼ.
rule, make newlʼg̣. Sv.
rumble (as thunder, a noise in the distance) lil\ʼ. Sv.
rumble (stomach) qol\ʼ. Sv.
rump se̲dᵛikLs. See dᵛ.
rumpus, make qʼeˑli̲ʼ. Sv.
run (few; four-legged animal) wle. S-v.
run (pl.) din. S-v.
run (pl.; few) dos. S-v.
run (road) new. S-v.
run (ropelike obj.) ton. S-v.
run (sg.) hod̲. S-v (cl.).
run aground ʔᵛawllʼg̣a. See ʔᵛ.
run away (flee) qeˑq. S-v.
run away from home gᵛowqiˑwa. See wqiw.
run over (with a wagon, automobile) lᵛiǰqʼa. See lᵛ.
run slowly or purposefully (sg.) hoˑd̲. S-v (cl.).
rust, to slʼeqʼ. Sv.
rutabaga taˑsnaˑk. S-n.
rye grass g̣leˑpi. Sn.
S
sack tʼaˑyʼ. S-n.
sack (buckskin sack for storing clothing) waklo. Sn.
sack (gunny sack) qʼočwʼal. Sn.
sack (type) wilisik. Sn.
sack (type having vertical stripes on the edges) r̲r̲e̲lg̣ᵉamnis. See lg̣ᵉ.
sad, be qʼoyeˑwi̲ʼ a. See qʼoy. See also “mourn” and “regret.”
sad (over an absence), be lag̣y. Sv.
saddle qakLs. See qa.
saddle (old style) nᵉikLs. See nᵉ.
saddle blanket ʔikLs. See ikL.
saddle blanket (old style) pewL. S-n.
saddlesore, have wen̲La̲a. See wen̲.
salmon čʼiyaˑlʼ. S-n.
same se̲hongpči. See hoˑd.
same place hatkak. Sl.
sand g̣law. S-n.
sandal (buckskin), wear waksna. Sv Sn.
sandal (tule) wipga. Sn.
sap (sweet, from deciduous trees) pʼilings. See pʼiling.
Satan monaˑdalʼkniˑ. See monaˑ.
satisfied, be gᵛiwyʼg̣a. See gᵛ.
Saturday se̲ʔeˑtʼs. See ʔeˑtʼ.
saugusberry (serviceberry) čag. Sn.
save (rescue) sne̲ʼwibga. See wibg.

533
ENGLISH-KLAMATH
savior r̲r̲e̲sne̲ʼwibgys. See wibg.
saw slᵛolčʼoˑts. See slᵛ.
sawlike obj., act with a slᵛ. S-v (cl.).
sawmill slᵛčaˑyi̲ʼs. See slᵛ.
say, to sʔab. Sv.
scale (fish) čʼiLq. Sn.
scales sne̲nqʼiqʼlʼg̣oˑts. See nqʼiqʼ.
scar wen̲lʼg̣bliWiˑs. See wen̲.
scared (afraid), be wos. Sv.
scared (startled), be toqʼ. Sv.
scared (terrified), be sinʼams. S-v.
scattering owi. sv. Also aywwi. sv.
scavenge mosʼa̲la. See mos.
school skoˑl. Sn.
scissors sisoˑ. Sn.
scorch nqotʼ.. Sv.
scrabble qaˑčʼ. -Sv.
scrape ᵛqoˑt. -Sv.
scrape for grubs dmey. Sv.
scrape for moth chrysalids byen. Sv.
scrape hide oLqʼ. sv.
scrape off ᵛqitʼ. -Sv.
scrape off (a surface) Lat. -Sv.
scrape off (clean off) qetʼ. -Sv.
scrape off (something spilled) ᵛqičkʼ. -Sv.
scrape out ᵛdoqʼ. -Sv.
scraper (deerhorn) kᵛiwliˑnoˑts. See kᵛ.
scraper (for skinning) nᵉosgoˑts. See nᵉ.
scraps of dried fish noˑg̣sʔm. See noˑg̣.
scratch, to daqč. Sv.
scratch (scrabble), to qaˑčʼ. -Sv.
scratch (scribble, sharpen), to qʼečʼ. -Sv.
scratch off ᵛqitʼ. -Sv.
scream, to pakʼ. Sv.
scribble (scratch) qʼečʼ. -Sv.
scribble (mark on) lʼaˑkʼ. -Sv.
scuff (abrade) klaˑ. S-v.
scuff off (a bit of skin, leather) kleqʼ. S-v.
scuff (the feet) klot. S-v.
seagull (large sp.) qʼatyaˑwʼ. S-n.
seagull (large sp.) kolʔa. Sn.
seagull (small sp.) qʼeˑč. Sn.
seagull (smallest sp.) ʔig. S-n.
seal (animal) walkoy. Sn.
search for g̣aˑykʼ. Sv. Also qmag̣. Sv.
season of ʼeˑmʼi. sn.
secret, keep ʔaysi. Sv.
secrete (sap) pʼiling. Sv.
sedge wičpaˑy. Sn.
see, to sleʔ. Sv.
seed loˑq. Sn.
seed pod (winged seed pods of certain trees) honlʼg̣s. See hon.
select. See aqaˑyi̲ʼ. sv.
self daˑk. Sre.
selfish, be wiˑčʼig. Sv.
sell, to sesadwi. Sv.
semen kʼeˑlʼ. S-n.
send (gift, letter) sne̲gᵛiwčnʼa. See gᵛ.
send (message) noˑ. S-v.
send (person) sgoyw. S-v.
separate (from one another) biˑ. S-v.
separate (seeds from pods) čapʼ. -Sv.
separate (seeds from pods: thresh, mash) qoyi̲ʼ. -Sv.
separately weliˑ. S-l.
serve on a tray, plate sʔoˑwy. See sʔoˑ.

534
KLAMATH DICTIONARY
serviceberry čag. sn.
set (sun) noˑli. See noˑ. Also dinneˑga. See din.
set a dog upon ksᵛoga̲tn̲a. See ksᵛ.
setting down elʼg̣. sv.
seven labksept. See laˑb and ksept.
seventeen tewnʼip\ʼant labksept. See tewnʼip, laˑb and ksept.
seventy labkseptnʼi tewnʼip. See laˑb, ksept and tewnʼip.
sever (pl.) golčʼ. -Sv.
sever (sg.) gattʼ. +Sv.
sever the head kʼačʼ. -Sv.
sew sqen̲. Sv.
shadow mʼaYs. See mʼaY.
shady, be mʼaY. Sv.
shake swʼᵛ. S-v (cl.).
shake (head) lᵛr̲e̲r̲pʼeqʼa. See lᵛ and pʼeqʼ.
shake all over peL\ʼ. -Sv.
shake off the head sgičkč. Sv.
shake out čiqʼ. -Sv.
shake out (blanket, clothes) wLičʼ. Sv.
shake wokas with live coals on a basket tray siwy. Sv.
shaking forward and backward ačʼwa. sv.
shallow wikʼaˑ ʔeˑWi̲dk. See ʔeˑWi̲.
shaman qyog̣. S-n.
sharp, be kal. S-v.
sharp instrument, act with a s. S-v (cl.).
sharp-edged, be daqʼ. Sv.
sharpen qʼečʼ. -Sv.
sharp-pointed, be čaqʼ. +Sv.
Shasta sesti. Sn.
shatter (a brittle obj.) pʼakʼ. +Sv.
shatter (a flimsy obj., a brittle obj.) čewi̲ʼ. -Sv.
shatter (a thin surface) tewi̲ʼ. +Sv.
shave yʼoqʼ. -Sv.
shave (wood) čoˑčlʼ. -Sv.
shavings, make ʔičiˑčʼa. See čičʼ.
shawl he̲slᵉoyg̣s. See slᵉ.
shed (a skin, as a snake) skinčʼiˑsqʼaga. See skin.
shed (a winter coat) čʼiˑl. S-v.
shed (hair; moult, become bald) slʼoqʼ. Sv.
sheep wyʼa. S-n. Also qʼwiˑl. Sn.
shelf (rack for storage) g̣eL. S-n.
shell (pod) čʼiLq. Sn.
shield snotʼoˑts. See snotʼ.
shinbone waqkʼ. S-n.
shinbone awl wag̣lw. S-n.
shine (glow) kčal. S-v.
shine (moon) wg̣awʼ. Sv.
shingles, make ʔičiˑčʼa. See čičʼ.
shinny-ball ǰimaˑʼ. S-n.
shiny, be čʼel\ʼ. Sv.
shirt čoLys. See čoLy.
shirt (armor) qaqnʼoˑlʼ. S-n.
shirt, wear čoLy. Sv.
shiver (from chills or fear) neL\ʼ. Sv.
shiver (from cold) dos\ʼ. Sv.
shiver (from fatigue or hunger) Liw\ʼ. Sv.
shiver (from palsy or old age) tʼiw\ʼ. Sv.
shiver (like jelly) moY\ʼ. Sv.
shoe, wear sdiksoˑy\ʼ. Sn Sv.
shoestring he̲sličlʼg̣oˑts. See slič.
shoot (a sg. obj.) sliń̲. Sv.
shoot (at a target) slʼoˑg̣l\ʼ. Sv.
shoot (once) dewy. Sv.

535
ENGLISH-KLAMATH
shoot (pl. objs.) nkʼeysʔań̲. Sv.
shoot (pl. times) yʼoˑ. S-v (cl.).
shore, along the aliˑg. sv. Also oYn̲. sv. Also alYn̲. sv.
shore, to the abaˑtn̲. sv.
shore, up on (out of the water) oykiˑn. sv.
short (close, near) wikʼaˑ. Sl.
shot (bullets) baLaˑ. S-n.
shoulder LapʼakL. S-n.
shoulder blade niˑčg̣. S-n.
shoulder blades, place between the sʔepaqL. S-n. Also se̲dasdg̣ibgs. See das.
shout, to nqen. Sv (cl.).
shovel keˑčnʼoˑts. See keˑ.
show, to he̲ssleʔa. See sleʔ.
show (point out), to ʔalaˑY. Sv.
show-off qʼaǰičwʼačweˑʼ. S-n.
show-off, to he̲sčaˑndgi. See čaˑn.
shuffle kčečʼ. S-v.
shut up! qʼa pagsdgi! See pag.
shutting akʼy. sv.
shy, be salkʼy. Sv.
sick, be sill\ʼ. Sv.
sick (hurt), be mʼaˑsi̲ʼ. Sv.
side (just under the shortribs) Leqʼo. -S-n.
side (on the …, off the …, etc.). See “edge.”
side, on the … side ksta. sn sp sd sa sl.
sieve sčiqn̲oˑts. See či.
sift slačʼ. S-v.
sifting basket slačʼqn̲oˑts. See slačʼ.
siftings (bits of shell and debris left over from sifting wokas or other seeds) qaǰiˑʼ. -S-n.
sight (of a gun) sdᵉlawllʼg̣s. See dᵉl. Also dᵉleLWn̲ys. See dᵉl.
silent, be qap. S-v.
silk leswi. Sn.
silly, act qʼeˑlʼi̲. Sv.
silly, be gaykʼ. Sv.
similar to (like) sitk. sre. Also pč. sn sp sd sa.
sinew mboyč. Sn.
sinew bow-backing ʔiLWn̲ys. See eLWn̲.
sing, to swin̲. Sv.
sink (pl.) lmeˑlʼg̣a. See lmeˑy.
sink (sg.) mpetʼlʼg̣a. See mpetʼ.
sister (man’s elder or younger sister) tobaks. S-n.
sister (woman’s elder sister) tʼaˑl. -S-n.
sister (woman’s younger sister) tabyʼ. S-n Sl.
sister-in-law (man’s brother’s wife; wife’s sister) molg̣. S-n.
sister-in-law (man’s wife’s younger sister) ksoˑnisga. Sn.
sister-in-law (husband’s brother’s wife) čig̣. -S-n.
sister-in-law (woman’s brother’s wife; husband’s sister) ʔalaˑm. -S-n.
sit (pl.) r̲e̲ʼwaˑbga (etc.). See waˑ.
sit (sg.) čᵛ. S-v (cl.).
sit down hard sčemis. S-v.
six Načksept. See Naˑs and ksept.
sixteen tewnʼip\ʼant Načksept. See tewnʼip, Naˑs and ksept.
sixty Načkseptnʼi tewnʼip. See Naˑs, ksept and tewnʼip.
skim off ʔiliˑna. See ʔi.

536
KLAMATH DICTIONARY
skin čʼelgs. See čʼelg.
skin (cured hide) mbaw. S-n.
skin (uncured hide) qla. S-n.
skin, act on a piece of bᵛ. S-v (cl.).
skin (roasted skin of birds), eat čʼelg. Sv.
skin an animal nᵉosga. See nᵉ.
skinning scraper nᵉosgoˑts. See nᵉ.
skirt, wear sčʼiwaˑg. S-v.
skunk čʼaˑs. S-n.
skunk cabbage čʼaˑsysʔm tʼapq. See čʼaˑs and tʼapq.
sky g̣aloˑ. Sn.
slacken sLeg̣oWdgi. See Leg̣oW.
slander someone not present sne̲mačaˑdga. See mačaˑ.
slap, to teWčʼ. -Sv.
slap (tap), to čʼasaqʼ. -Sv.
slap on the ear, to čʼaw. -Sv.
slap on the hand, to tʼaytʼitʼy. -Sv.
slap openhanded, to ʔeqʼ. -Sv.
slash open a bulbous round obj. titʼ. +Sv. Also aLaˑsg̣n̲. sv.
slave loˑg. S-n.
sleep, to qtan̲. Sv.
sleet čaˑy. -S-n.
sleet (snow mixed with rain) gᵛoLqʼs. See gᵛ.
slide, to lwʼič. S-v. Also čᵛ. S-v (cl.). Also kt. S-v (cl.).
slide down oLal. -Sv.
slide down a slope kok. -Sv.
slide down on the stomach wʼinLWn̲čʼn̲a. See wʼin.
sliding off a tubular obj. očʼiˑpʼ. sv.
slimy, be lʼag\ʼ. Sv.
sling (or bull-roarer?) sqiˑwʼ. S-n.
slip (and sit down hard) sčemis. S-v.
slip (let something drop) debl. S-v.
slippery, be čloqʼ. +Sv.
slitting open aLaˑsg̣n̲. sv.
slobber, to weˑčʼ. Sv.
slowly kʼewnʼi. Sra.
smack the lips očʼisg. -Sv.
small kʼeččʼa. Sa. Also nčʼekʼ. Sra.
small of the back skʼaˑm. Sn.
smart (eyes, lips), to qiw. Sv.
smash (a brittle obj.) pʼakʼ. +Sv.
smash (a flimsy or brittle obj.) čewi̲ʼ. -Sv.
smash (a surface) tewi̲ʼ. +Sv.
smear (color or pitch) lʼoˑmi̲ʼ. -Sv.
smear (paint) twaˑqʼ. Sv.
smear (pitch on the head as a sign of mourning) pʼloˑqʼ. Sv.
smell, to sdig. Sv (cl.).
smell (have an odor), to bilwi. Sv.
smile, to mʼotčʼočʼoˑyʼ. Sv.
smoke, to slaˑyg̣. Sv.
smoke (a hide) smoˑlʼ. Sv.
smoke (tobacco, a pipe, etc.) pʼag̣. Sv.
smokehole dᵉleqn̲ks. See dᵉl.
smooth, be čloqʼ. +Sv.
snacking (biting, swallowing) og̣y. sv.
snail qʼawʼ. S-n.
snail (slug) r̲e̲r̲é̲ˑr̲lʼag\ʼs. See lʼag\ʼ.
snake (black snake) wising. Sn.
snake (blue racer snake) r̲r̲e̲wlaqkangs. See wlaq. Or r̲r̲e̲wlaqčis. See wlaq.
snake (bull snake) wamnag. S-n.

537
ENGLISH-KLAMATH
snake (two-headed) may. Sn. Also laˑba nʼos gidk. See nʼo. Also biblant nʼosa̲ldk. See biblan and nʼo.
snap against (as a branch) teWčʼ. -Sv.
snarl (speak roughly to) qiWkʼ. Sv.
sneeze, to ʔeččoʼ. Sv.
sniff (test a scent) soqʼ. -Sv.
snipe (killdeer) čʼwiˑdidig. S-n.
snipe (Wilson snipe) nʼaˑtʼa. Sn.
snore, to Loˑqʼ. Sv.
snot sniˑg̣\ʼs. See sniˑg̣\ʼ.
snow, to ken̲. Sv.
snow, in the awʼiˑn. sv.
snowbird čʼikʼa. Sn.
snowbrush r̲r̲e̲slʼabtn̲ysʔm. See slʼab.
snowflakes (big and fluffy) čʼomsʔm skodas. See čʼom and skod.
snowshoe ni. Sn.
so (then, and) čoy. Srp.
soak tkʼaˑw. S-v.
soar g̣ičʼoˑ. S-v. Also gobal. S-v.
sob, to Yakʼ. Sv.
soft, be pčʼoˑqʼ. Sv.
soft (flabby, cushiony), be tʼosqʼ. Sv.
soft (fuzzy, linty), be mʼog\ʼ. Sv.
solar plexus pʼaw. S-n.
soldier soˑlǰa. Sn.
soldiers soˑlǰ. S-n.
sole of the foot tʼag̣aˑq. Sn.
some nanqa. Sa.
somehow waq. Sri.
someone ka. Sd.
something dwaˑ. Sa.
sometime dadaˑ. Sri.
sometimes r̲e̲ditnʼa. See dinʼaˑ.
somewhere d̲at. Sl sn sp sd sa sl.
son wnag. Sn.
son (elder) tg̣eˑwnʼa̲b. See tg̣eˑw.
son-in-law qeˑs. -S-n. Also wg̣oˑbgs. See wg̣oˑ.
soon balaq. Srt.
soot čʼapsg̣iˑ. S-n. Also čʼapkʼeˑk. S-n. Also cf. Lapkʼeˑk S-n “ash from a hot fire.”
sop (bread in gravy) r̲e̲ʼlᵛer̲wa. See lᵛ.
“soppings” r̲e̲ʼlᵛer̲ws. See lᵛ.
sores, have (?) mtʼ. -Sv.
sorrel (plant) r̲é̲r̲ǰoylʼi. See ǰoy.
so-so ʔomʼʔamʼs. Sra.
sound (make a noise) Wal. S-v (cl.).
soup, eat Loˑb\ʼ. Sv.
sour (stale), be mʼeqʼ. Sv.
sour (rot, spoil), to ntʼopʼ. Sv.
south moˑwa̲t. See moˑwa̲.
south-east yeˑwa̲t. See yeˑwa̲.
south-west gobast. S-n.
space, be a gin. S-v.
Spaniard mpetʼkangs. See mpetʼ.
spank teWčʼ. -Sv.
spark, to ǰoyoˑ. S-v.
speak hem. Sv.
speak clearly st. S-v.
speak clearly (emphasize) sdal\ʼtn̲a. See dal\ʼ.
speak roughly qiWkʼ. Sv.
speak to the spirits he̲shemkanga.
See hem. Also hasaswaˑkʼy. Sv.
speak with a Modoc accent goyʼ. Sv.
speaking the language of the preceding noun yal. sv sn.
spear (fish spear) stʼakwʼ. S-n.

538
KLAMATH DICTIONARY
spear (javelin, for competition) se̲kten̲eˑʼs. See kt.
spear (pronged) qalʼg̣s. See qa.
spear (salmon) qi. S-n.
spear (fish), to qalʼg̣a. See qa.
spectacles r̲e̲se̲lᵛakʼws. See lᵛ.
spider qʼalǰiǰig. S-n.
spinster siww\ʼmʼč. See siww.
spirit (of the dead) noˑlis. See noˑ.
Spiritland noˑlisg̣eˑni. See noˑ.
“spirit rock” yadiˑ. S-n.
spirited, be leg. S-v.
spit, to sloqʼ. S-v. Also qbᵛ. S-v (cl.).
spit out Leˑ. -Sv.
spit out a seed dwičqʼ. Sv.
spittle sloˑqʼog. S-n.
splash (with a handful of liquid) qliw. S-v.
split, to čayi̲ʼ. +Sv.
split the skull, to komi̲ʼ. -Sv.
split thin, to čičʼ. -Sv.
spoil (food) qʼoy g̣lega. See g̣leg.
spoil (in making) qʼoy sʔodtʼa. See qʼoy.
spoil (rot) ntʼopʼ. Sv.
spoon mičʼoˑ. Sn.
spoon out sg̣in. S-v.
spoonbill g̣ononoˑʼ. S-n.
spoor, leave g̣wen̲. Sv.
spoor, track a haY. S-v.
spotted, be ltoˑqʼ. Sv.
sprain, to qʼos. -Sv.
spread out (a mat) slan̲. Sv.
spread out (a substance) ʔoˑwan. S-v.
spread out (dispersed) aywwi. sv. Also owi. sv.
spread eagle wLetʼ. S-v.
spreading owi. sv.
spring (pool) welw. S-n.
spring (streamlet, water source) g̣awm. Sn.
spring (season), be sqoW. Sv.
sprinkle čʼečʼ. -Sv.
sprinkle a handful of liquid on qliw. S-v.
sprout, to stabg. Sv.
squash, to tʼeLqʼ. -Sv.
squash (make too tight) tʼeli̲ʼ. -Sv.
squash (with pressure) čʼiqʼ. -Sv sv.
squat sgaWag. S-v.
sqaw grass ʔepat. Sn.
squeeze (wring) ačʼiˑkʼ. sv.
squeeze dry čʼisq. -Sv.
squeeze out tʼeli̲ʼ. -Sv.
squeeze out (ooze) tʼat. +Sv.
squint, to qʼnačʼiˑqʼ. Sv.
squirrel (gray squirrel) qen. -Sn.
squirrel (large sp.) čʼiL. S-n.
squirrel (pine squirrel) giwʔ. S-n.
squirrel (sp.) qʼeǰoč. Sn.
stab s. S-v (cl.).
stable sdeybal. Sn.
stag tog̣iʼa̲ldk. See tog̣i.
stagger wor̲yamna. See w.
stale, be mʼeqʼ. Sv.
stallion lag̣i wač. See wač.
stamp on tʼeˑqʼ. -Sv.
stamp on (trample down) qetʼ. -Sv.
stand (pl.; few) lwʼᵛlw. S-v (cl.).
stand (sg.) tgᵛ. S-v (cl.).
stand in a group logn. S-v.
star qčoˑl. Sn.
stare, to tʼwekʼ. Sv.
start (basket, talking), to dlelg̣. Sv.

539
ENGLISH-KLAMATH
start (noise, drum playing) nᵛoyeˑga. See nᵛ.
start (work, journey) dmo. S-v.
starting yeˑg. sv.
startle swaW. S-v.
startled, be toqʼ. Sv.
stay (pl.) waˑ. Sv.
stay (sg.) čiˑ. Sv.
stay at home čᵛalʼaˑlʼčʼa̲bga. See alʼaˑlʼ.
stay with kseg̣i. Sv.
steal pʼall. Sv.
steam, to Wag\ʼ. Sv.
steep, be lalli̲ʼ. Sv.
step (walk), to g̣is. S-v.
step on čʼosqʼ. -Sv. Also g̣isǰqʼa. See g̣is.
step-child. See “step-mother.”
step-father qoˑslʼg̣s. See qoˑs.
step-mother saˑs. -S-n.
stick (forked stick for stringing fish) sčiga̲čnʼoˑts. See sči.
stick (piece of wood) ʔanko. Sn.
stick (used in the gambling game as a counter) sqosʔ. S-n.
stick on (bits of feathers or fur) kʼmok. S-v.
stick together (glue) ntʼakʼ. S-v.
stick together (melt together) se̲nčakʼdang̣a. See čakʼ.
sticky, be tʼabkʼ. +Sv.
sticky (slimy), be lʼag\ʼ. Sv.
stiff, be Wič. S-v.
still (absent, quiet), be qap. S-v.
still (calm, quiet), be tʼaˑm. S-v. Also g̣em. S-v.
still (yet) ʔoˑč. Srt.
stingy, be wiˑčʼig. Sv.
stink, to qʼoy bilwi. See bilwi.
stink bug r̲r̲e̲skiy\ʼys. See skiy\ʼ.
stir Loˑ. -Sv.
stir (whip up, as batter or dough) kᵛčʼaˑqʼa. See čʼaqʼ.
stirrup loˑlt. S-n.
stocking(s), wear sdeˑgin. S-n Sv
stomach nka. S-n.
stomach, act upon the bolʼ. -Sv.
stomach, hit in the pʼipʼ. -Sv.
stomach, lie on the wʼin. S-v.
stomach-ache, have nkas gi. See nka.
stoop down paL. S-v.
stoop over čʼinlʼg̣a. See čʼin.
stop (an action) toqʼ. S-v.
stop (die away, as ripples) Leg̣oW. S-v.
stop (fade away, as sound) qmeˑs. S-v.
stop (gradually, as waves: subside) qmeˑW. S-v.
stop (quit) g̣lewy. Sv.
stop (rain, storm, snow, etc.) smʼaˑWi. Sv.
store (food, clothes, etc.), to se̲ʔiwʼaˑYa. See awʼaˑY.
storm (thunderhead) yalqm. Sn.
stove stoˑp. Sn.
straddle sqeqʼ. Sv.
straddle a horse (put a foot over) pečtʼleˑg̣i. See peč.
straight, be laq. S-v.
straight (truly, directly) dalʔaˑk. Sra.
straighten (an arrow) tg̣oy. Sv.
straighten out (put in order) wlelg̣. Sv.
straighten out (tidy, neatly align) swʼaqsna. S-v.
straightened out, be tʼas. +Sv.
straight-grained lg̣ᵉočʼn̲dk. See lg̣ᵉ.
strain the eyes aypʼeˑkʼ. -Sv.

540
KLAMATH DICTIONARY
stranger weliˑtankniˑ. See weliˑ. Also wennikniˑ. See wenniˑ.
strangle (on a mouthful of food) ntop. S-v.
strangle (on something in the throat) qliń̲. Sv.
strangle (someone) yᵛačqʼaˑqʼa. See yᵛ.
strangle (with the fingers) čʼlᵉačqʼaˑqʼa. See čʼlᵉ.
straw (hay) kson. Sn.
strawberry ǰoyǰig. S-n.
stretch (a hide) wak. S-v.
stretch apart tʼačʼ. -Sv.
string qnog̣. S-n.
string, act upon a ton. S-v.
string (beads, fish), to slog. Sv.
string (fish), to sčiga̲a. See sči.
stringlike mass, act upon a kmᵛ. S-v (cl.).
strip (naked) he̲speˑnhi. See peˑnhi.
strip off (as bark) čičʼ. -Sv.
striped, be lg̣ᵉ. S-v (cl.).
striped (horizontally), be wičʼ. Sv.
striped rocks balaˑwʼ. S-n.
strips, be in čiwʼ. -Sv.
strips, in onamn. sv.
strong (fast, violent), be g̣illi̲ʼ. Sv.
strong (wiry), be lič. S-v.
stub the toe čam. -Sv.
stuck in a hole akʼakweˑg. sv. Also kʼačweˑg. sv. Also akʼčʼwy. sv.
stuff, to g̣iwg̣. Sv.
stuff (a bird) ʔisg̣n̲a. See asg̣n̲.
stump tʼotʼ. S-n.
stupid čʼaˑm. S-n.
stupid, be paps. Sv.
stutter ʔakʼ. Sv.
stutter (be unable to speak properly) LaW\ʼ. Sv.
stutter (mumble) sʔeWeWʔ. Sv.
suck on čʼoˑs. -Sv.
suck out očʼisg. -Sv. Also čʼoˑs. -Sv.
suck out disease (as a shaman does) qbᵛiwčibga. See qbᵛ. Also qbᵛiwdgl. See qbᵛ. Also qbᵛiwqn̲a. See qbᵛ.
sucker: for various spp. see under “fish.”
suckle ʔečʼ. Sv.
suggest remedies sʔawaˑY. Sv.
summer padaˑ. Sn.
sun sʔab. S-n.
Sunday sandi. Sn.
sunflower seeds lopiˑliˑn. S-n.
sunken osn̲. sv.
sunshine kčalqn̲ys. See kčal.
sunshine, in the atʼaˑwi̲ʼ. sv.
support a person (act as a crutch, carry on a litter) liwaˑ. S-v.
suppurate mʼolʼ. Sv.
surely qadak. Sra.
surface, down onto a eLWn̲. sv.
surface, on a eLa̲. sv.
surprise, to sg̣emdg̣i. Sv.
surprised, be sǰim. S-v.
surprised (startled, scared), be toqʼ. Sv.
surrounding (around the edges) akʼiˑmi̲ʼ. sv.
surrounding a central obj. akyamn. sv.
suspect, to qaˑsi̲ʼ. Sv. Also laʔytn̲a. See lag̣y. Also swew. Sv.
suspend stin. S-v.

541
ENGLISH-KLAMATH
suspended akʼaˑyi̲ʼ. sv.
suspenders he̲stinyg̣is. See stin.
swallow (bird) tʼitʼq. Sn.
swallow, to sg̣odg̣n̲. Sv. Also Waˑ. -Sv.
swallowing (biting, snacking) og̣y. sv.
swan g̣o. S-n.
sway (be rickety) čok. S-v.
sway (tree) hinkanga. See hin.
sweat, to swalqʼ. Sv.
sweat (in a sweathouse) sboklʼi. Sv.
sweathouse sboklʼis. See sboklʼi.
sweep Leˑ. -Sv. Also čʼlos. -Sv.
sweep (a sg. obj. or a few objs.) Loˑ. -Sv.
sweet, be Loy\ʼ. Sv.
swell up goW. Sv.
swell up (as a tumor) ntʼosʔ. Sv.
swim, to wdom. S-v.
swim (fish) dᵛ. S-v (cl.).
swim underwater qi. S-v.
swing, to sg̣inwettʼ. Sv.
swordgrass (sp.) beˑnhi. Sn.
swordgrass (sp.) čaw. -S-n.
syrupy-looking, be čʼeč. S-v.
T
table teybal. Sn.
tadpole goʔoˑlʼ. S-n.
tail qbel. Sn.
take away from dmesg. Sv.
take care of beˑLi̲ʼ. +Sv.
take home first owiˑ. sv.
taking away (action along) en̲. sv.
taking away from odg̣. sv.
taking off a tubular obj. očʼiˑpʼ. sv.
talk hem. Sv.
talk to the spirits he̲shemkanga. See hem. Also hasaswaˑkʼy. Sv.
tall (far, deep, wide) ʔaˑdiˑ. Sl sr.
tamp down din. -Sv.
tan a hide tg̣oy. Sv.
tan a hide (by dipping in deer brains and water) smoˑkʼ. Sv.
tangle, to swʼelw. Sv.
tangle (mix up, whip into a mass), to čʼaqʼ. -Sv.
tangle (wad up) qʼoli̲ʼ. -Sv.
tangled, be nᵉačqaˑyi̲ʼa. See nᵉ. Also nᵉačtn̲a. See nᵉ.
tap (slap) čʼasaqʼ. -Sv.
taste, to apsa̲. -Sv. Also edw. -Sv.
taste (by just touching the tongue to) noˑkʼ. -Sv.
taste (good, bad, etc.) mʼaˑsi̲ʼ. Sv.
tattered, be tʼekʼ. +Sv.
tattle Walyg̣i. See Wal. Also sdilsga. See sdil.
tattoo pal. -Sv.
tea tiˑ. Sn.
teach he̲ssʔaywga. See sʔaywg.
teacher r̲e̲he̲ssʔaywgys. See sʔaywg.
teal (sp.) čʼeˑg. S-n.
tear (from weeping) kʼelmʼa. Sn.
tear a hole ettʼ. -Sv.
tear apart tʼačʼ. -Sv.
tear down swʼeng. Sv.
tease, to gmay. Sv.
tease (by giving a gift and then withdrawing it), to ǰiˑwʼ. Sv.
tease (ridicule, make fun of) solwg. Sv.

542
KLAMATH DICTIONARY
teat ʔečʼs. See ʔečʼ.
teethe dotʼa̲la. See dot.
telephone hemkangoˑts. See hem.
telescope delčnʼoˑts. See dᵉl.
tell sʔab. Sv.
tell (take news, report) sdil. S-v.
tell a myth g̣l. sv.
tell on (tattle) sdilsga. See sdil. Also Walyg̣i. See Wal.
tell the highlights (?) aplʼ. sv
temple (body part) nab. -S-n.
ten tewnʼip. Sa.
ten, less than qʼeˑgs. -Sa.
tender, be lʼeqʼ. Sv.
tent siˑlhaws. See siˑl and haw.
tepee sčokʼlʼg̣s. See sčokʼ.
terrified, be sinʼams. S-v.
testicle(s) slʼolg. S-n.
than nalk. Sre.
thank sepkʼeˑčʼ. Sv.
that (absent) neˑ. Sd.
that (remote) hoˑd. Sd.
that big kʼet. Sri.
that far, long kʼadaˑ. Sri.
that many, much kʼank. Sri.
that way goniˑ. Sl.
then (so, and) čoy. Srp.
there hiˑ. S-l.
there (over there) doˑ. Sl.
there (over there—proximate?) geˑ. Sl.
there (that place) hadakt. Sl.
they sa. Sp.
they (intensive) baˑd. Sp.
thick, be hop (?). S-v (?).
thief r̲e̲pʼallys. See pʼall.
thigh bosaklʼ. S-n.
thimbleberry r̲e̲he̲sqamoˑlsʔm. See qam. Also r̲e̲he̲ssqačʼoˑli̲ʼsʔm. See čʼoli̲ʼ. Possibly different species.
thin, be sʔoysʔ. Sv.
thing (“what-you-may-call-it”) gitgo. Sn.
think hosʔ. Sv.
think something to be seˑwi̲ʼ.
thirsty, be ʔambodga. See ʔambo.
thirteen tewnʼip\ʼant ndan. See tewnʼip and ndan.
thirty ndanni tewnʼip. See ndan and tewnʼip.
this (proximate) geˑ. Sd.
this big, much kʼet. Sri.
this way ginaˑ. Sl.
thistle r̲r̲e̲kčʼen̲ysʔm. See kčʼen̲.
thorn r̲r̲e̲kčʼen̲ys. See kčʼen̲.
thread qnog̣. S-n.
threaten snoloˑkʼ. Sv.
threaten (with a weapon) stoˑbg. Sv.
three ndan. Sa.
three-sided (coming to a dead end) Yatb. sv.
thresh qoyi̲ʼ. -Sv.
thrice ndanni. See ndan.
throat nʼawg̣. -S-n or S-n.
throb nǰampkʼ. Sv.
throb (beat hard, as the heart) diqʼ. Sv.
throb (pitter-patter, as the heart) kʼaw\ʼ. Sv.
throb with pain taw\ʼ. Sv.
through eqn. sv.
through a tube asg̣n̲. sv.
throw otʼw. -Sv.
throw (a handful) keˑ. S-v.
throw (a load, mass of objs.) wʼetʼ. S-v.
throw (pl. in a heap) be. -Sv.

543
ENGLISH-KLAMATH
thumb tqʼopʼoˑ. Sn.
thump ltʼoqʼ. Sv.
thunder, to lmen̲. Sv.
Thunderbird r̲r̲e̲lmen̲ys. See lmen̲.
thunderhead yalqm. Sn.
thundering noise, make lom\ʼ. Sv.
Thursday wonibnʼiks. See woniˑb.
ticklish, be ǰiqʼ. Sv.
tie, to slič. S-v. Also swᵛ. S-v (cl.).
tight, be g̣ičʼ. S-v.
tight, make (do something tightly or firmly) qʼačʼ. -Sv.
tight, make (tie too tightly, squeeze, squash) tʼeli̲ʼ. -Sv.
tightness qal. S-n.
time of ʼeˑmʼi. sn.
tiptoe, go on ltig\ʼ. Sv.
tired, be g̣eˑǰig. Sv.
tired of (“fed up with”), be mičbi. Sv.
to the edge oykiˑn. sv.
to the end (limit of a place) abaˑni. sv.
to the shore abaˑtn̲. sv.
toadstool (or mushroom) lmenč. S-n.
tobacco qačgal. Sn.
tobacco mixture (native tobacco and Bull Durham) sokl\ʼs. See sokl\ʼ.
today gen wayts. See wayt.
toddle kčečʼ. S-v.
together dola. Sre.
together (meeting, coming together) dang̣. sv.
toilet, go out to the gᵛeqn̲ča̲a. See eqn̲.
toilet, go to the (baby) weʼ. Sv.
toilet paper se̲ʔikʼyoˑloˑts. See akʼy.
tomorrow mboˑsant. Sn.
tongue baˑwč. sn.
tongue, act with the bel. S-v.
tooth dot. Sn.
tooth, break a kʼatʼ. +Sv.
toothpick he̲sqačʼaˑy\ʼoˑts. See qa.
top (children’s plaything) he̲sdᵛelʼg̣eˑʼs. See dᵛ.
top, along the eLWn̲. sv.
top, be on wal. S-v sv.
top, down on eLWn̲. sv.
top, on (above) plen. S-l.
top of a full load, on aptneˑg̣i. sv.
top of a tree haˑba. Sn.
torch kopkʼ. S-n.
torch (for night-fishing) kʼlᵛočʼws. See kʼlᵛ.
touch, to das. S-v. Also nʼiq. S-v. Also tpek. S-v.
tough (meat), be čweˑkʼ. Sv.
toward dalʼ. sn sp sd sa sl.
toward (action toward for a purpose) olgi. sv.
toward (coming) ebg. sv.
town tawn. Sn.
track (an animal), to haY. S-v.
track, leave g̣wen̲. Sv.
track (mud, etc.), to tʼabl. -Sv.
trading oyʼoˑt. sv.
trample down qetʼ. -Sv.
[transitive] s. pv.
trap (fishtrap?) wlo. Sn.
trap, to ntʼačʼlʼg̣a. See tʼačʼ.
trap (fish), to knew. Sv.
travel, to damnoń̲. Sv.
tree g̣oˑ. S-n.
tribal names: the following are the names of some of the groups surrounding the Klamath. It may be

544
KLAMATH DICTIONARY
	noted that almost any place name can be used as a “tribal name” when it occurs with {kniˑ} sn sp sd sa sl “from, people or person from.”
Coos (Hanis) haˑniˑ. S-n.
Kalapuya mokey. Sn.
Lower Rogue River soˑlčoqkniˑ. See soˑl.
Modoc moˑwa̲t\ʼaˑkʼkniˑ. See moˑwa̲.
Montana Indians (tribe unspecified) wač\ʼaˑkʼ r̲e̲pʼań̲ys. See pʼań̲.
Northern tribes (along the Columbia River) yaˑma̲kniˑ. See yaˑma̲.
Paiute saˑd. Sn.
Pit River moˑwa̲twaˑs. See moˑwa̲.
Rogue River čagg̣eˑnkniˑ. See čag.
Shasta sesti. Sn.
Upland Takelma (or Rogue River) waˑlmskniˑ. See waˑlm.
Warmsprings weˑteˑnkniˑ. See weˑteˑn.
Wasco-Wishram ʔampg̣eˑni. See ʔamp.
Wintu qadakʼiˑwaˑs. See qadakʼiˑ.
tried to do a̲stg. sv.
trigger sliń̲wloˑts. See sliń̲.
trim (prune a tree), to gay. -Sv.
tripe qaqaˑč. Sn.
troll (race of little people) gagaˑnʼa. Sn.
troll, to spiwa. See spi.
trolling line spiwoˑts. See spi.
trot, to slʼowʼiWyʼ. Sv.
trouble, make g̣lom. S-v.
trout meY. S-n.
truly (directly, straightly) dalʔaˑk. Sra.
truly (surely) qadak. Sra.
try, to g̣eg̣w. Sv.
tubular obj., out of čʼiˑsqʼag. sv.
tubular obj., sliding off of očʼiˑpʼ. sv.
tubular obj., through a asg̣n̲. sv.
Tuesday labnʼiˑks. See laˑb.
tug-of-war, play he̲spidg̣leˑʼa. See spi.
tule may. Sn.
tule (dyed, used as basket material) moqwʼ. S-n.
tule pith (or “meat” of the roots) mayʔm lolb. See may.
tule roots (rootlets used in basketry) mayʔm lag̣. See may.
tumor (breast tumor) sg̣a. Sn.
tunnel, dig dmᵛ. S-v (cl.). Also lbo. S-v.
turkey sqolʼoˑ. S-n.
turkey buzzard čway. S-n.
turn (become) dgi. sv.
turn (change) g̣leg. Sv.
turn inside out spentʼoˑ. S-v.
turning around akʼiˑčʼ. sv.
turning over ebli. sv.
turnip taˑnab. S-n.
turtle ngag. Sn.
tweezers se̲pᵛyʼoˑqʼoˑts. See yʼoqʼ.
tweezers (pincers) sne̲čʼliga̲oˑts. See čʼlᵉ. Also sne̲čʼlibgoˑts. See čʼlᵉ.
twelve tewnʼip\ʼant laˑb. See tewnʼip and laˑb.
twenty labnʼi tewnʼip. See laˑb and tewnʼip.
twice labnʼi. See laˑb.

545
ENGLISH-KLAMATH
twilight, be tʼibeˑq. S-v.
twinkle ʔeˑlwʼ. Sv.
twinkle (flicker, glitter) lʼeqʼ. Sv.
twins laˑb\ʼa̲ls. See laˑb.
twist, to twᵛ. S-v (cl.).
twist together (to make cord, basket foundation, etc.) pčiń̲. Sv.
two laˑb. Sa.
U
ugly qʼoy sleˑs. See qʼoy.
umbilical cord tʼog̣. S-n.
unable, be g̣esg. Sv.
unable, consider someone čʼoy. Sv.
unbelievable gyaˑm. -S-n (?)
unbutton lᵛtʼepʼkʼwoˑla. See tʼepʼ.
uncle (father’s brother) seˑy. -S-n.
uncle (father’s sister’s husband) aws. -S-n.
uncle (mother’s brother) log̣oˑčʼ. -S-n.
uncooked, be sang̣i. Sv.
under odiˑl. sv.
under (below) monaˑ. Sl.
under the armpit odiˑl. sv.
under the feet anasg̣. sv.
under water or earth osn̲. sv.
underarm odor hoččʼig. S-n.
underpants montanni. See monaˑ. Also se̲qʼaylaˑlbdiˑlas. See qʼaylaˑlb.
underpants (woman’s) sakʼaˑlog. S-n.
understand domn. Sv.
understand (feel, intuit) mčelg̣. Sv.
underwater ledge whilaˑ. Sn.
undoing oˑl. sv.
undone, come (something loosely fastened) Loli̲ʼ. +Sv.
undone, come (something tightly fastened) Lewli̲ʼ. Sv.
undress lwᵛočʼiˑpʼa. See lwᵛ. Also lwᵛosga. See lwᵛ.
unhappy, be čʼiyoˑlʼ. Sv.
[unknown meaning:] a number of segments are found for which no meaning can be assigned. Many of these are of dubious segmentation as well. These will be listed here for purposes of future research. It may also be noted that several proper names and many place names also were recorded with no analysis. In view of the overwhelming majority of Klamath personal and place names which do have semantic content, these items are also suspect. They will be found in full at the end of the sections on “proper names” and “place names.”
ʼa. sr.
aˑʼ. sv.
bkʼ. sv.
čaq. -Sv (?)
či. S-v.
čoˑ. -Sv.
čʼopʼ. S-n.
daˑnʼa. sr.
ginʼa. -Sn.
kʼoˑčg. S-v.
lʼog. S-v or S-n (?)
nčʼo. S-v (cl.).
p. sv.

546
KLAMATH DICTIONARY
(unknown meaning, cont’d)
peˑtʼ. S-n.
sdgi. -Sv.
sg̣ag̣al. S-n.
sleg̣. S-v.
snotʼ. S-v ..
wiyaˑ. Sn.
wlaq. S-v.
yWiˑlg̣. sv.
unripe wokas čʼiniˑqʼ. S-n.
unripe wokas (budding) dᵛewlʼg̣s. See dᵛ.
untie sličlʼg̣oˑla. See slič.
untied, be (something loose) Loli̲ʼ. +Sv.
untied, be (something tight) Lewli̲ʼ. Sv.
until (only after) čeˑ. Sre.
until (up to) banʼi. Sre.
unwrap wepLoˑla. See wepL.
up (above, over) oyg̣i. sv.
up (picking up) adgl. sv.
up (raising) oyeˑg. sv.
up (uphill, upstream) amni. sv.
up against abaˑtn̲.
up high akʼaˑyi̲ʼ. sv.
up high (above, over) blay. Sl.
up high (on top) plen. S-l.
up off the back adgl. sv.
up out of otqʼag. sv.
uphill amni. sv.
Upland Takelma (or Rogue River people) waˑlmskniˑ. See waˑlm.
upside down, turn sdipn. S-v.
upstream og̣amn. sv. Also amni. sv.
urinate swičʼ. Sv.
urine swičʼs. See swičʼ.
use (have a use for someone or something) gislaˑʼ. Sv.
V
vagina stʼem. S-n.
valeriana root kʼoˑl. Sn.
valley ginws. See gin.
valley (plain, clearing) saˑykʼa. Sn.
vehicle, on a ikL. sv. Also eLa̲. sv.
vehiele, off a oliˑn. sv.
vein kʼekʼeˑč. Sn.
venereal disease goWyʼasg̣s. See goW.
Venus pse r̲e̲gᵛen̲ys. See en̲.
[verb formant suffix] ʼa̲l. sv sn.
vertical obj., act upon a dᵛ. S-v (cl.).
very moˑ. Srm.
violently (quickly) g̣illi̲ʼank. See g̣illi̲ʼ.
violently, do ač. -Sv. Also iw. -Sv.
violin ʔoloˑkʼoˑts. See ʔoloˑkʼ.
vision (spirit), have swin̲ys\ʼa̲la. See swin̲.
visit, to gᵛelwybga. See gᵛ.
visored cap sdimč. S-n.
vomit, to čonw. Sv.
W
wad up qʼoli̲ʼ. -Sv.
wade ban. Sv.
wade (paddle, as a waterfowl) sčʼol. S-v.
wag the tail se̲ʼwač\ʼa̲la. See wač.
wagon čʼiˑk. -Sn. Also weˑgan. Sn.
wait for (as game) waLg̣. Sv.
wait on ahead for someone sdaˑY. Sv.

547
ENGLISH-KLAMATH
waiting for awʼaˑY. sv.
wake up sg̣isoˑl. Sv.
walk, to g̣is. S-v.
wander damnoń̲. Sv.
want, to sanʼaˑWawli. Sv.
war se̲lwels. See lwel.
war arrow kʼeys. See nkʼeysʔań̲.
warm, be los. S-v.
warm (lukewarm), be loqwa̲. Sv.
Warmsprings weˑteˑn. S-n.
warn r̲e̲woytn̲bga. See woy.
warpaint, put on pʼoˑkʼ. -Sv.
wart sqʼitʼo. Sn.
Wasco-Wishram ʔampg̣eˑni. See ʔamp.
wash, to stabačkʼ. Sv.
wash (body, dishes, fruit) ǰoqʼ. -Sv.
wash (clothes, hair), to dmetčʼ. Sv.
wash (hands) saǰaqw. Sv.
washerman (or -woman) r̲e̲dmetčʼys. See dmetčʼ.
washpan stabačkʼoˑts. See stabačkʼ.
waste (spend prodigally) r̲e̲keˑwllʼg̣a. See keˑ.
watch (a performance) ʔay\ʼ. Sv.
watch for waLg̣. Sv.
watch from afar diloˑčibga (etc.). See oˑ.
watchman r̲r̲e̲swᵉar̲lYn̲bgys. See swᵉ.
water ʔambo. Sn.
-water čoq. -Sn.
water, act on a container of čʼi. S-v (cl.).
water, act on a handful of qliw. S-v.
water, deep underneath osn̲. sv.
water, in (into) ew. sv.
water, into okʼčʼw. sv.
water, out of oyg̣ag. sv. Also oykiˑn. sv.
water, up out of otqʼag. sv.
water pump ʔambo ʔiyg̣ioˑts. See oyg̣i.
waterfowl meˑmaqla. sn.
watermelon sang̣s pʼań̲kʼys. See pʼań̲.
water-skater (insect) ǰoyoˑbig. S-n.
wave, make a lqʼań̲. Sv.
wave in the breeze gobal. S-v.
way (kind, fashion) ʔas. sd. Also mʼas. sd.
way, get out of sʔenw. Sv.
we naˑd. Sp.
weak-eyed, be čʼepqʼ. Sv.
weakly yaNWaˑ. Sra.
wear (clothing) lwᵛ. S-v (cl.). See also under the names of various articles of clothing: e.g., “hat,” “shirt,” “pants,” etc.
wear out wen̲. Sv.
weasel čʼasgaˑy. Sn.
“weather rock” (a shamanistic instrument for calling up wind) nǰaqʼsgoˑts. See ǰaqʼ.
weave, to lečʼn̲. Sv.
web (spiderweb) qʼalǰiǰigsʔm sne̲ntʼačʼlʼg̣s. See tʼačʼ. Also layg̣s (“netting”). See layg̣.
wedge nčaˑyi̲ʼoˑtkʼys. See čayi̲ʼ.
Wednesday ndanniˑks. See ndan.
weevil (black weevil) ʔeˑyʼ. S-n.
weevil-like insect r̲e̲qamlslʼis. See qaml.
weigh nqʼiqʼ. S-v.
well (good) dičʼ. Sra.
well, dig a sʔilg. Sv.
west tg̣alm. Sn.

548
KLAMATH DICTIONARY
wet, be mʼoqʼaLtʼ. Sv.
wet (soak), to tkʼaˑw. S-v.
what dwaˑ. Sa.
wheat loˑlomaq. Sn.
wheel Wiˑl. Sn.
when dadaˑ. Sri.
where d̲at. Sl sn sp sd sa sl.
where (there where) doˑs. See doˑ.
where (there where) doˑs. See doˑ.
whether yet dam\ʼoˑ. See dam.
whetstone lᵛqʼečʼs. See qʼečʼ.
which ka. Sd.
which of two yaˑnWa. sd.
while i. sv.
whimper, to Yakʼ. Sv.
whine (as a baby) mʼeˑqʼy. Sv.
whine (as a dog) mʼikʼ. Sv.
whip wdᵛoga̲oˑts. See dᵛ.
whip up (mix) čʼaqʼ. -Sv.
whip with a limber obj. tʼitʼ. -Sv.
whirl g̣ol. S-v.
whirl a sling around wotʼwkʼiˑčʼa. See otʼw.
whirling around akʼiˑčʼ. sv.
whirlwind qaqiˑʔg̣. S-n.
whiskey laˑm. Sn.
whisper, to Leqʼ. Sv.
whistle, to slʼoyoˑkʼ. Sv.
white, be bal. S-v.
white man basdin. Sn.
white of the eye g̣aloˑ. Sn.
whitish, be boqʼ. Sv.
who ka. Sd.
why waq ة giwk. See waq.
wickiup, build sdinʼaˑʼ. Sv.
wide (tall, far, deep) ʔaˑdiˑ. Sl sr.
widgeon čʼamgikʼwa. Sn.
widow, be wenwy\ʼ. Sv.
widower, be čimʼan. Sv. Also slaˑmʼi. Sv.
wife snʼeweˑčʼ. S-n.
wiggle pʼesʔ. -Sv.
wild celery bočʼo. Sn.
wild parsnip skʼawang. S-n.
wild plum dmolo. Sn.
wildcat slʼet. Sn.
wildcat (lynx) slowaˑ. sn.
wildcat (mountain lion) daˑslaˑt. S-n.
will ([future-intentive]) wabg. sv.
willow yaˑ. S-n.
willow (cascara) saˑdm pʼań̲kʼys. See pʼań̲.
willow (sp.) toqʼs. See toqʼ.
willow bark qʼalmilmil. Sn.
willow shoot g̣wewč. sn.
win win. S-v. Also gᵛoˑli. See oˑli.
win a fight sqʼom\ʼ. Sv.
wind slʼewys. See slʼewy.
wind, blow wi. S-v (cl.). 4’ 4
windbreak sqečʼlʼg̣s. See sqečʼ.
winded, be pʼotʼ. Sv.
windpipe hoqn̲oˑts. See hoqn̲. Also sg̣odg̣n̲oˑts. See sg̣odg̣n̲.
windy, be slʼewy. Sv.
wing Lań̲s. See La̲ń̲.
wink qʼnačʼiˑqʼ. Sv.
winning oˑli. sv.
winter loldm. Sn.
Wintu qadakʼiˑ. S-n.
wipe nčʼamaˑs. S-v.
wipe off the face ʔibqʼoˑla. See pʼeqʼ.
wiry (strong), be lič. S-v.
with (instead) tʼet. sn sp sd.
with ([instrumental]) tga. sn sp sd sa.
with difficulty čeˑt hak. See čeˑ.

549
ENGLISH-KLAMATH
without qʼelyʼak. Srn.
wokas (pond lily) wok. S-n.
wokas (parched but yet unhulled) siwys. See siwy.
wokas (rotted pods ready to have the seeds extracted) sne̲ntʼopʼlʼg̣s. See ntʼopʼ.
wokas (special high quality) sbokwʼ. S-n.
wokas (unripe) čʼiniˑqʼ. S-n.
wokas (unripe and budding) dᵛewlʼg̣s. See dᵛ.
wokas, grind beqs. Sv.
wokas, grind lightly to remove hulls lᵛoliˑna. See lᵛ.
wokas, parch snab. Sv. Also sʔoˑlʼaˑlʼa. See sʔoˑ.
wokas, pick r̲e̲ʼlᵛosga. See lᵛ.
wokas bud qʼambolwʼs. See qʼambolwʼ.
wokas juice qawčʼi. Sn.
wokas leaf baLwʼ. -S-n.
wokas mush slot. S-n. Also noˑg̣\ʼa̲ls. See noˑg̣.
wolf g̣ewč. S-n.
woman snʼeweˑčʼ. S-n.
women weˑwʼanʼ. S-n.
wonder …? bas. Srp.
wood ʔanko. Sn.
woodchuck (or “groundhog”) moy. Sn.
woodpecker sr̲e̲r̲kʼaW\ʼs. See kʼaW\ʼ.
woodpecker (red-headed woodpecker) wʼagin. -S-n.
woodpecker (small sp.) qiliˑw. S-n.
woodpile sdoyLs. See sdoy.
wood rat qočʼaˑ. Sn.
woodtick sqʼoˑg. S-n.
work (do, make) sʔ. S-v (cl.).
work for someone tʼwaˑY. Sv.
work on something (to prepare it) r̲é̲ˑr̲beˑLi̲ʼa. See beˑLi̲ʼ.
worm mʼolq. Sn.
worse goniˑlʼ. See goniˑ.
wounded, be qʼaL. S-v.
wrap, to wepL. Sv. Also smoˑ. S-v (?).
wrap the head g̣oˑtʼaqʼtn̲a. See g̣oˑ.
wrap the legs around qbatʼy. Sv.
wren čʼiˑLoLoˑʼ. -S-n.
wren (tule wren) čʼiqtʼiˑtʼi. Sn.
wrestle sosannʼg̣. Sv.
wring out ačʼiˑkʼ. sv.
wring out (squeeze dry) čʼisq. -Sv.
wrinkle from exposure to water mbodyʼ. Sv.
wrinkled, be kmᵛqʼoˑli̲ʼa. See qʼoli̲ʼ.
wrist nᵉawʼaˑlʼs. See nᵉ.
write somʼalwʼ. Sv.
Y
yard (unit of measurement) ʔanko. Sn.
yawn, to skʼayaˑčwʼ. Sv.
year, be ʔiLoˑl. Sv.
yellow, be g̣ek. S-v.
yellowhammer čʼew. S-n.
yellow-headed blackbird kaklaˑwʼ. -S-n.
yellowjacket kʼin. S-n.
yelp, to waq\ʼ. Sv.
yesterday ʔonaˑ. Srt.
yet ʼoˑ. sr.
yet (still) ʔoˑč. Srt.
yew čʼobing. S-n.
you (pl.) ʔaˑd. Sp.
you (sg.) ʔi. Sp.

550
KLAMATH DICTIONARY
young man nčalqnʼi. See nčalq.
younger tabyʼ. S-n Sl.
youngest (son, brother) tabyʼni. See tabyʼ.
Z
zigzag, go wličʼ. S-v.